Trans-umbilical endoscopic cholecystectomy with a water-jet hybrid-knife: A pilot animal study

Table 1 Transumbilical endoscopic cholecystectomy was successfully completed in the first and third pig, with minor bleedings

Animal	Sex	Weight (kg)	Time of pneumoperitoneum (min)	Time of dissection (min)	Time of ligation and resection (min)	Total time (min)
1	Female	30	2	137	28	167
2	Male	35	2	61 (incomplete)	-	-
3	Female	33	2	42	25	69

Table 2 Experimental indicators in transumbilical endoscopic cholecystectomy

Animal	Blood loss (mL)	Perforation	Adjacent viscera injury	Size of specimen	Postoperative management
1	10	No	No	6.5 cm × 3.4 cm × 1.2 cm	Autopsy
2	50	Yes	Vascular injury	-	Autopsy
3	5	No	No	6.1 cm × 3.3 cm × 1.8 cm	Autopsy