Learning curve of transumbilical suture-suspension single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Table 1 General data

SILCs (n = 180)
Gender
Male	78
Female	102
Age (yr)	48.7 ± 13.0
BMI (kg/m2)	23.31 ± 2.83
Previous history of abdominal surgery
Yes	5 appendectomy	4 laparoscopic appendectomy
	4 cesarean sections	2 laparoscopic herniorrhaphy
	1 total hysterectomy
	1 bilateral tubal ligation
No	163

SILC: Single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy; BMI: Body mass index.

Table 2 Patient characteristics

Groups	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	F	P
Age (yr)12	47.7 ± 10.8	45.1 ± 13.8	50.4 ± 14.1	50.0 ± 11.7	49.4 ± 13.8	52.7 ± 14.5	52.9 ± 12.0	46.9 ± 14.3	43.7 ± 11.2	1.2082	0.297
Gender (M/F)3	11/9	7/13	9/11	6/14	5/15	11/9	9/11	7/13	13/7	11.343	0.183
Previous history of abdominal surgery3	0	2	1	2	1	2	3	2	4	6.333	0.610
BMI (kg/m2)12	23.11 ± 2.86	23.96 ± 3.49	22.31 ± 2.99	23.83 ± 3.28	23.75 ± 2.28	22.96 ± 2.41	24.26 ± 2.76	22.80 ± 2.16	22.85 ± 2.89	1.0752	0.383

¹Values are mean ± SD;

²One-way ANOVA;

³χ² test. BMI: Body mass index; M/F: Male/female.

Table 3 Surgical data

	Overall	Group 15	Group 2	Group 3	Group 4	Group 5	Group 6	Group 7	Group 8	Group 9
Surgery time14	53.58 ± 30.08	82.45 ± 23.442	59.00 ± 25.47	58.50 ± 21.16	55.00 ± 17.77	49.50 ± 12.45	45.50 ± 20.22	44.75 ± 18.67	45.25 ± 17.95	42.25 ± 13.52
Blood loss1	12.70 ± 11.60	16.65 ± 9.96	12.55 ± 13.45	14.05 ± 14.55	13.70 ± 9.76	12.90 ± 12.01	11.60 ± 12.31	12.70 ± 12.23	11.60 ± 11.10	10.55 ± 9.83
Complications3	8	3	1	2	0	1	0	0	1	0

¹One-way ANOVA;

²Values are mean ± SD;

³χ² test;

⁴Comparisons between groups were performed using ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s test;

⁵The operation time in group 1 was significantly longer than that in the other groups (F = 7.257, P = 0.000).