Gastroenterology training in a resource-limited setting: Zambia, Southern Africa

Table 1 Demographics of participants n (%)

Variables	Preconference	Day 1	Day 2
Gender
Male		19 (41)	13 (52)
Female		18 (39)	7 (28)
Not stated		9 (20)	5 (20)
Training/specialty
Undergraduate	17 (47)	19 (41)	4 (17)
Postgraduate	14 (39)	19 (41)	17 (63)
Consultants	4 (11)	5 (11)	4 (9)
Other	1 (3)	3 (7)	1 (4)
Total participants	36	46	24

Table 2 Preconference questionnaire n (%)

Expectations
General GI	20 (56)
Practical endoscopy (adult/children)	5 (14)
Pediatric GI	2 (5)
Epidemiology of GI disorders specific to Zambia	4 (6)
Interaction with international visitors	4 (6)
None	1 (3)
Weak areas
Hepatology	9 (19)
GI Bleeds (including peptic ulcer disease)	7 (15)
IBD	8 (17)
GI malignancy	4 (8)
Infectious Gastroenterology (including HIV)	6 (13)
Malnutrition	1 (2)
Malabsorption (including celiac)	2 (4)
Diarrheal disease	1 (2)
Fluid management	1 (2)
Autoimmune conditions	1 (2)
Colon pathology	2 (4)
Biliary disease (pancreatic and gallbladder)	1 (2)
Pediatric GI	2 (4)
Practical endoscopy skills	3 (6)

GI: Gastrointestinal; IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease; HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus.

Table 3 Evaluation of each session n (%)

Diarrheal disease	1 (poor)	2	3	4	5 (excellent)
Case presentation	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (2)	25 (58)	17 (40)
Knowledge	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	21 (53)	19 (48)
Clarity	0 (0)	0 (0)	7 (18)	16 (41)	16 (41)
Mode of presentation	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (3)	19 (49)	19 (49)
GI emergencies
Case presentation	0 (0)	1 (3)	2 (6)	20 (59)	11 (32)
Knowledge	0 (0)	0 (0)	2 (6)	21 (62)	11 (32)
Clarity	0 (0)	0 (0)	4 (11)	17 (47)	15 (42)
Mode of presentation	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (3)	19 (51)	16 (43)
Malnutrition
Case presentation	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (3)	29 (73)	10 (29)
Knowledge	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (3)	22 (55)	17 (43)
Clarity	0 (0)	0 (0)	3 (8)	11 (64)	11 (28)
Mode of presentation	0 (0)	0 (0)	2 (5)	24 (60)	14 (35)
Oesophageal diseases
Case presentation	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	6 (30)	14 (70)
Knowledge	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	9 (45)	11 (55)
Clarity	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	11 (55)	9 (45)
Mode of presentation	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	9 (45)	11 (55)
Abdominal pain
Case presentation	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	6 (30)	14 (70)
Knowledge	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (5)	5 (25)	14 (70)
Clarity	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (5)	4 (20)	15 (75)
Mode of presentation	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	5 (25)	15 (75)
Hepatology
Case presentation	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (5)	7 (33)	13 (62)
Knowledge	0 (0)	0 (0)	2 (10)	7 (33)	12 (57)
Clarity	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (3)	12 (57)	8 (38)
Mode of presentation	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (5)	7 (33)	13 (62)

Participants graded sessions from 1 (poor) to 5 (excellent) on quality of case presentations, knowledge, clarity and mode of presentation.