Dynamic magnetic resonance defecography in 10 asymptomatic volunteers

Table 1 Results of magnetic resonance defecography of 10 healthy asymptomatic volunteers

Anatomic structure	Rest	Straining	Relative movement
Annorectal junction (mm)	-5.3 (± 9.9)	-29.9 (± 10.3)	-24.6
Anorectal angle (°)	93. 0 (± 4.8)	108.7 (± 14. 7)	15.7
Bladder base (mm)	23.0 (± 4.6)	-8.1 (± 11.1)	-14.9
Uterovaginal junction (mm)	43.1 (± 7.8)	7.9 (± 16.5)	-35.2

A positive value represents the lowest position of the pelvic structure above the pubococcygeal line, a negative value marks structures located below the pubococcygeal line. The values represent the median measured distance in millimeters; the numbers in brackets represent the range.

Table 2 Patient preparation, evaluation techniques, normal values and findings as described by other authors

	Yang et al[3]	Kruyt et al[4]	Vanbeckevoort et al [12]	Lienemann et al [9]	Healy et al [14]	Paetzel et al l[19]
Defecation	No	No	No	No	No	Yes
Rectal contrast	No	No	100 mL μg	200 mL μg	Plastic tube	180 mL μg
Bladder contrast	No	No	No	60 mL sodium chloride	No	No
Vaginal contrast	No	No	No	50 mL ug	Plastic tube	No
Position	Horizontal	Prone	Horizontal	Horizontal	Horizontal	Horizontal
Reference line	Pubococcygeal	Symphysiosacral	Pubosacral	Pubococcygeal	Pubococcygeal	Pubococcygeal
Anorectal junction	-25 mm	-30 mm to -40 mm	-25 mm	No information	-20 mm	-5.3 mm
Bladder base	-10 mm	No information	± 0	± 0	-10 mm	+23 mm
Uterocervical junction	+10 mm	No information	No information	+0	± 0	+43 mm
Rectocele (evaluation)	No information	No information	Yoshioka	Yoshioka	Yoshioka	Delemarre
Rectocele (size)	No information	no information	< 30 mm	< 30 mm	no information	26 mm
Anorectal angle	No information	< 130° (rest)	No information	No information	No information	93 ° (rest)