Surgical outcome of pancreatic cancer using radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy procedure

Table 1 Pathological results

Parameters	n (%)
Mean tumor diameter	4.09 ± 2.15 cm
Tumor diameter in negative margin (n = 22)	3.80 ± 1.73 cm
Tumor diameter in positive margin (n = 2)	7.25 cm
Histologic grade
Well-differentiated	2 (8.3)
Moderately-differentiated	17 (70.8)
Poorly-differentiated	5 (20.8)
T stage
T2	3 (12.5)
T3	21 (87.5)
Lymph node metastasis
(+)	17 (70.8)
(-)	7 (29.2)
Vascular invasion
(+)	12 (50)
(-)	12 (50)
Lymphatic invasion
(+)	15 (62.5)
(-)	9 (37.5)
Perineural invasion
(+)	21 (87.5)
(-)	3 (12.5)
Tangential margin
(+)	2 (8.3)
(-)	22 (91.7)

Table 2 Postoperative complications

Complications	n (%)	Grade (number)
Pancreatic fistula	4 (16.7)	A (2), B (2)1
Wound dehiscence	2 (8.3)	IIIa (2)2
Intraabdominal fluid collection	1 (4.2)	IIIa (1)2
Pleural effusion	1 (4.2)	IIIa (1)2
PV-SMV thrombosis	1 (4.2)	IIIa (1)2

¹Graded by the International Study Group on Pancreatic Fistula classification;

²Graded by Clavien-Dindo classification. PV: Portal vein; SMV: Superior mesenteric vein.

Table 3 Prognostic factors by univariate analysis

Factors		n	Median survival (mo)	P value
Age	≤ 60 yr	11	21.84 ± 12.90	0.249
	> 60 yr	13	16.93 ± 8.54
Gender	Male	13	21.80 ± 6.84	0.995
	Female	11	18.23 ± 4.77
Transfusion	(+)	1	26.1	0.345
	(-)	23	19.79 ± 14.73
Operative time	≤ 300 min	18	21.80 ± 7.42	0.534
	> 300 min	6	12.53 ± 6.96
Type of RAMPS	Anterior	19	21.80 ± 4.34	0.421
	Posterior	5	12.53 ± 6.65
Combined vascular resection	(+)	9	16.93 ± 5.48	0.333
	(-)	15	26.27 ± 10.81
Tumor size	≤ 4 cm	15	26.27 ± 9.44	0.862
	> 4 cm	9	18.23 ± 4.91
Histologic grade	WD	2	16.93	0.001
	MD	17	26.27 ± 5.87
	PD	5	6.46 ± 1.06
T-stage	2	3	21.17 ± 10.94	0.448
	3	21	18.23 ± 5.79
N-stage	0	7	21.80 ± 16.32	0.485
	1	17	18.23 ± 4.70
Tangential margin	(+)	2	6.46	0.031
	(-)	22	21.80 ± 5.30
Complication	(+)	9	12.53 ± 4.77	0.385
	(-)	15	21.80 ± 4.05
Pancreatic fistula	(+)	4	6.46 ± 1.52	0.003
	(-)	20	26.27 ± 6.49
Adjuvant therapy	(+)	20	26.27 ± 6.49	< 0.001
	(-)	4	6.30 ± 0.48

RAMPS: radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy; WD: Well differentiated; MD: Moderately differentiated; PD: Poorly differentiated.