Overexpression of metastasis-associated in colon cancer 1 predicts a poor outcome of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 1 Basic clinical characteristics of patients with hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 354)

Clinical features	Stage A	Stage B	Stage C
Cases (n)	138	96	120
Median age (yr, range)	55 (24-68)	53 (29-70)	52 (21-72)
Male/female	118/20	82/14	106/14
Median tumor diameter (cm, range)	2.5 (1.5-3)	4.0 (3-5)	4.5 (2-6)
AFP (μg/L, > 400/ ≤ 400)	45/93	40/56	85/35
HBV DNA (+/-)	78/60	57/39	76/44
HBeAg (+/-)	50/88	32/64	54/66
ECOG PS (0/1/2)	92/30/16	60/25/11	25/55/40
Child-Pugh (A/B)	92/46	67/29	58/62
Tumor number (single/multinodular)	123/15	56/40	67/53
Invasion of portal vein (+/-)	0/138	0/96	120/0
Tumor differentiation (high/intermediate/low)	45/66/27	27/38/31	20/50/50

HBV: Hepatitis B virus; ECOG PS: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status Scale; AFP: α- fetoprotein; HBeAg: HBV e antigen.

Table 2 Metastasis-associated in colon cancer 1 mRNA expression and clinical characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma patients n (%)

Variable	Cases (n = 354)	MACC1 mRNA high expression group	MACC1 mRNA low expression group	P
Gender				0.214
Male	306	157 (88.7)	149 (84.2)
Female	48	20 (11.3)	28 (15.8)
Age (yr)				< 0.001
≥ 55	185	70 (39.5)	115 (65.0)
< 55	169	107 (60.5)	62 (35.0)
Tumor size (cm)				0.087
≥ 3	196	90 (50.8)	106 (59.9)
< 3	158	87 (49.2)	71 (40.1)
Tumor thrombus				0.007
Yes	120	72 (40.7)	48 (27.1)
No	234	105 (59.3)	129 (72.9)
Tumor number				0.356
Single	246	119 (67.2)	127 (71.8)
Multinodular	108	58 (32.8)	50 (28.2)
Stage				0.007
Early-middle	234	105 (59.3)	129 (72.9)
Advanced	120	72 (40.7)	48 (27.1)
Differentiation				< 0.001
High	92	21 (11.9)	71 (40.1)
Moderate	154	92 (52.0)	62 (35.0)
Low	108	64 (36.1)	44 (24.9)
AFP				0.056
≤ 400	184	83 (46.9)	101 (57.1)
> 400	170	94 (53.1)	76 (42.9)
HBeAg				0.190
Positive	136	62 (35.0)	74 (41.8)
Negative	218	115 (65.0)	103 (58.2)
HBV DNA				0.159
Positive	211	99 (55.9)	112 (63.3)
Negative	143	78 (44.1)	65 (36.7)
Child-Pugh				0.326
A	217	104 (58.8)	113 (63.8)
B	137	73 (41.2)	64 (36.2)

HBV: Hepatitis B virus; MACC1: Metastasis-associated in colon cancer 1; AFP: α-fetoprotein; HBeAg: HBV e antigen.

Table 3 Univariate and multivariate analyses of variables associated with tumor-free survival and overall survival

Variables	TFS				OS
	Univariate P	Multivariate			Univariate P	Multivariate
		Hazard ratios	95% Cl	P		Hazard ratios	95% Cl	P
Child-Pugh (A/B)	0.184	NA	NA	NA	0.034	1.342	1.016-1.747	0.041
Tumor differentiation (high/intermediate/low)	0.037	1.213	0.743-1.980	0.441	0.038	1.133	0.683-1.679	0.624
Tumor number (≥ 2/1)	0.021	1.012	0.675-1.517	0.354	0.040	1.107	0.732-1.575	0.630
ECOG PS (0/1/2)	0.078	NA	NA	NA	0.045	1.079	0.893-1.530	0.679
MACC1 (low/high)	< 0.001	1.489	1.071-1.801	0.013	< 0.001	1.508	1.079-1.835	0.012
MACC1 and c-Met expression (both/one)	< 0.001	1.929	1.207-3.083	0.006	< 0.001	1.539	1.172-2.208	0.010

TFS: Tumor-free survival; OS: Overall survival; ECOG PS: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status Scale; MACC1: Metastasis-associated in colon cancer 1; NA: Not applicable.