Posterior lingual lidocaine: A novel method to improve tolerance in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy

doi:10.3748/wjg.v17.i47.5191

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Dec 21, 2011 (publication date) through Apr 26, 2024

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Gastroenterol. Dec 21, 2011; 17(47): 5191-5196
Published online Dec 21, 2011. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i47.5191

Table 1 Patient characteristics

	SWG (n = 40)	SPG (n = 40)	P value
Gender (M/F)	12/28	19/21	0.11
Mean age, yr (SD)	55.8 (18.1)	48.5 (18.2)	0.07
Smoking (yes/no)	15/25	23/17	0.07
Caffeine (yes/no)	37/3	32/8	0.19
Alcohol (yes/no)	12/28	14/26	0.63
Previous EGD (yes/no)	17/23	23/17	0.18

SWG: Swab group; SPG: Spray group; M: Male; F: Female; EGD: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy. P value for difference between groups using χ² or Fisher’s exact tests.

Table 2 Pre-procedure evaluation, median (min, max)

	SWG (n = 40)	SPG (n = 40)	P value¹
Anxiety	3 (1, 5)	3 (1, 5)	0.67
Time to onset of anesthesia (s)	80 (30, 300)	50 (20, 120)	< 0.01
Gag reflex	2 (1, 5)	4 (2, 5)	< 0.01

SWG: Swab group; SPG: Spray group. Anxiety rate: 1 = no anxiety to 5 = extreme anxiety; Gag reflex scale: 1 = absent to 5 = strong.

¹P value for difference between groups using nonparametric Mann-Whitney test.

Table 3 Use of intravenous sedation, median (min, max)

	SWG (n = 40)	SPG (n = 40)	P value
Use of IV sedation (yes/no)	13/27	38/2	< 0.01
Meperidine dose (mg)	0 (0, 50)	25 (0, 75)	< 0.01¹
Midazolam dose (mg)	0 (0, 3)	2 (0, 4)	< 0.01¹

SWG: Swab group; SPG: Spray group; IV: Intravenous.

¹P value for difference between groups using Mann-Whitney test.

Table 4 Procedure evaluation, median (min, max)

	SWG (n = 40)	SPG (n = 40)	P value
Ease of procedure - endoscopist	1 (1, 5)	4 (1, 5)	< 0.01
Procedure tolerance - patient	2 (1, 4)	4 (2, 5)	< 0.01¹
Patient willingness to repeat procedure (yes/no)	32/8	2/38	< 0.01¹

SWG: Swab group; SPG: Spray group. Endoscopist difficulty scale: 1= easy to 5 =difficult; Patient tolerance scale: 1 = no difficulties encountered to 5 = very difficult.

¹P value for difference between groups using nonparametric Mann-Whitney test.

Table 5 Procedure-related symptoms

	SWG (n = 40)	SPG (n = 40)	P value
During the procedure
Retching (yes/no)	13/27	31/9	< 0.01
Cough (yes/no)	10/30	12/28	0.62
Abdominal pain (yes/no)	1/39	1/39	1
Dyspnea (yes/no)	0/40	4/36	0.12
After the procedure
Sore throat (yes/no)	5/35	8/32	0.55
Abdominal pain (yes/no)	1/39	5/35	0.2
Nausea/vomiting (yes/no)	0/40	1/39	1

SWG: Swab group; SPG: Spray group. P value for difference between groups using χ² or Fisher’s exact tests.

Citation: Soweid AM, Yaghi SR, Jamali FR, Kobeissy AA, Mallat ME, Hussein R, Ayoub CM. Posterior lingual lidocaine: A novel method to improve tolerance in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17(47): 5191-5196
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v17/i47/5191.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v17.i47.5191