Role of (18F) 2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography in upper gastrointestinal malignancies

Table 1 Prospective studies comparing the accuracy of positron emission tomography with computed tomography and/or endo-ultrasonography for the detection of lymph-node metastases

Ref.	Yr	Histology	n	Imaging	Sensitivity (%)	Specificity (%)
Flamen et al[114]	2000	SCC/AC	74	PET	39	97
				CT	63	88
				EUS	22	96
				EUS/CT	54	90
Lerut et al[115]	2000	SCC/AC	42	PET	22	91
				CT/EUS	83	45
Yoon et al[116]	2003	SCC	81	PET	30	90
				CT	11	95
Sihvo et al[18]	2004	AC	55	PET	35	91
				CT	42	45
				EUS	85	60
Lowe et al[19]	2005	SCC/AC	75	PET	82	60
				CT	84	67
				EUS	86	67
Shimizu et al[20]	2009	SCC	20	PET-CT	11-50	85-100
				Thin slice CT	22-100	69-100

PET: Positron emission tomography; CT: Computed tomography; EUS: Endoscopic ultrasound; SCC: Squamous cell carcinoma; AC: Adenocarcinoma.

Table 2 Prospective studies comparing the accuracy of positron emission tomography with computed tomography and/or endo-ultrasonography in the detection of distant metastases

Ref.	Yr	Histology	n	Imaging	Sensitivity (%)	Specificity (%)
Flamen et al[8]	2000	SCC/AC	74	PET	71	90
				CT	41	83
				EUS	42	94
				EUS/CT	47	78
Lerut et al[115]	2000	SCC/AC	42	PET	77	90
				CT/EUS	46	69
Sihvo et al[18]	2004	SCC	81	PET	35	91
				CT	42	45
Heeren et al[25]	2004	SC/AC	74	PET	71	98
				CT	21	98
				CT/EUS	29	96
Lowe et al[19]	2005	SCC/AC	75	PET	81	91
				CT	81	82
				EUS	73	76

PET: Positron emission tomography; CT: Computed tomography; EUS: Endoscopic ultrasound; SCC: Squamous cell carcinoma; AC: Adenocarcinoma.

Table 3 Gastric cancer lymph node staging by positron emission tomography

Ref.	n	Sensitivity (%)	Specificity (%)	Sensitivity (%)	Specificity (%)
		PET	PET	CT	CT
Chen et al[57]	61	61	92	77	62
Kim et al[60]	73	40	95	71	71
Mochiki et al[61]	85	23	100	65	77
Mukai et al[62]	62	34.50	97	62.10	87.90
Yeung et al[64]	23	22	97
Yoshioka et al[75] Low resolution	42	47	62
High resolution	41	73	78
Yun et al[65]	81	35	97	52	94
Tian et al[78]	38	60	100
Yang et al[79] (PET-CT)	78	37	97.20	60.50	83.30

PET: Positron emission tomography; CT: Computed tomography.

Table 4 Positron emission tomography computed tomography for the detection of gastric cancer recurrence

Author	Yr	n	Discriminatingfactor	Sensitivity (%)	Specificity (%)
				PET	PET
De Potter et al[85]	2002	33		70	69
Jadvar et al[90]	2003	16		94	100
Yoshioka et al[75]	2003		Liver	78-85	82-74
			Lung	67	88
			Bone	30	82
			Pleural	4	100
			Ascites	24	76
Patriti et al[89]	2007	51		100
Nakamoto et al[88]	2009	44	Previous suspicious imaging	80	100
		14	Tumor markers positive	73	83
		26	Routine	50	88
Park et al[117]	2009	105		75	77
Sim et al[86]	2009	52		68.40	71.40
Sohn et al[118]	2009	212	Post ablation	0

PET: Positron emission tomography.