Management of acquired bronchobiliary fistula: A systematic literature review of 68 cases published in 30 years

Table 1 Basic data collected from case reports in the literature published over past 30 years

Sex and age	Fistulae orifice in side of lung	Primary diseases	Clinical manifestation				Therapeutic approaches	Outcome	Follow-upDuration (mo)
			Cough and biliptysis	Fever	Jaundice	Other manifestation and/or comorbidity
F 79	Left	Biliary stenosis	Yes	No	No	Pneumonia, diabetes, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease	Surgery	Cure	NA
M 19	Right	Hepatic hydatidosis	Yes	Yes	No	NA	ERBD	Cure	15
M 35	Right	Cholangiolithiasis	Yes	NA	NA	Abdominal distension and pain	ENBD	Cure	11
M 47	Right	Hepatic hydatidosis	Yes	Yes	NA	Abdominal pain	ERBD	Cure	7
F 18	Right	Trauma	Yes	NA	NA	Diabetes and asthma	ERBD	Cure	12
F 43	Right	Hepatocellular carcinoma	Yes	Yes	NA	Abdominal pain	Percutaneous drainage	Cure	NA
F 56	Right	Liver abscess and biliary stenosis	Yes	Yes	Yes	Pneumonia	Histoacryl embolization under bronchoscopic guidance	Cure but died 3 mo later	3
M 29	Right	Biliary stenosis	Yes	Yes	NA	Pneumonia	Surgery	Cure	NA
M 22	Right	Trauma	Yes	No	NA	NA	ERBD	Cure	5
M 57	Right	Cholangiolithiasis and chronic pancreatitis	Yes	Yes	Yes	Chest pain, pleuritic, alcoholic cirrhosis, diabetes and COPD	ERBD and bron choalveolar lavage	Cure	NA
M 55	Right	Biliary stenosis	Yes	NA	NA	NA	Surgery	Cure	7
M 41	Right	Hepatic hydatidosis	Yes	Yes	Yes	NA	ERBD	Cure	30
M 35	Right	Hepatic hydatidosis	Yes	Yes	Yes	Dyspnea	Surgery	Cure	12
M 20	Right	Trauma	Yes	NA	NA	NA	Surgery	Cure	NA
M 38	Right	Hepatic hydatidosis	Yes	Yes	Yes	NA	Surgery	Cure	NA
M 66	Right	Hepatocellular carcinoma	Yes	Yes	NA	Pneumonia	Surgery	Cure	NA
F 49	Right	Metastatic liver tumors	Yes	NA	NA	Pneumonia	N-Butyl cyanoacrylate via a bronchial approach	Cure	3
M 30	Right	Liver abscess	Yes	NA	NA	NA	Surgery	Cure	NA
F 64	Right	Biliary stenosis	Yes	Yes	Yes	Hepatomegaly	Percutaneous drainage	Failure	NA
M 65	Right	Metastatic liver tumors	Yes	No	No	Shortness of breath, pleuritic and chest pain	ERBD	Cure but died 3 mo later	3
M 12	Right	Undifferentiated sarcoma	Yes	NA	NA	NA	Surgery	Cure	NA
M 76	Right	Hepatocellular carcinoma	Yes	Yes	Yes	Pneumonia	Surgery	Failure	NA
F 68	Right	Biliary stenosis	Yes	No	No	Pneumonia	ERBD	Cure	24
M 71	Right	Cholangiocarcinoma	Yes	Yes	NA	Pneumonia	ERBD	Cure	9
F 63	Right	Biliary stenosis	Yes	NA	NA	NA	Surgery	Cure	NA
M 52	Right	Metastatic liver tumors	Yes	NA	NA	Pneumonia and abdominal pain	Percutaneous drainage	Cure	3
F 55	Right	Hepatocellular carcinoma	Yes	Yes	NA	Dyspnea	ENBD	Cure	3
F 40	Right	Biliary stenosis	Yes	NA	NA	NA	ERBD	Cure	3
M 69	NA	Hepatocellular carcinoma	Yes	NA	Yes	Dyspnea and cirrhosis	ERBD	Cure but died 5 mo later	5
M 44	Right	Hepatocellular carcinoma	Yes	Yes	Yes	Abdominal pain	Surgery	Failure	NA
F 71	Right	Cholangiolithiasis	Yes	Yes	No	Chest pain	ERBD	Cure	NA
F 56	Right	Metastatic liver tumors	Yes	NA	NA	NA	ERBD	Failure	NA
M 65	Right	Metastatic liver tumors and cholangiolithiasis	Yes	NA	NA	Pneumonia	ERBD and surgery	Cure	7
M 34	Right	Hepatocellular carcinoma	Yes	NA	NA	NA	Surgery	Cure	NA
M 67	Right	Cholangiolithiasis	Yes	Yes	NA	Nausea, vomiting	Percutaneous drainage and ERBD	Cure	NA
M 38	Right	Trauma	Yes	Yes	No	Tachypnoea	ERBD	Cure	NA
M 20	Right	Trauma	Yes	Yes	Yes	Shortness of breath	Surgery	Cure	NA
F 70	Right	Hepatocellular carcinoma	Yes	NA	NA	NA	ENBD	Cure	NA
M 40	Right	Biliary stenosis	Yes	NA	NA	NA	Histoacryl injection through the microcatheter and ERBD	Cure	9
F 47	Right	Cholangiolithiasis	Yes	Yes	NA	Chest pain and abdominal pain	ERBD	Cure	10
M 61	Right	Carcinosarcoma	Yes	Yes	NA	Chest pain	Surgery	Cure	7
F 46	Right	Subphrenic abscess	Yes	Yes	NA	NA	Surgery	Cure	24
F 46	Right	Metastatic liver tumors	Yes	NA	Yes	NA	ERBD	Cure but died 9 mo later	9
M 56	Right	Metastatic liver tumors	Yes	Yes	Yes	Chest pain	ERBD	Cure	NA
M 61	Right	Biliary stenosis	Yes	NA	Yes	NA	ERBD	Cure but died 5 mo later	NA
F 64	Right	Biliary stenosis	Yes	Yes	Yes	Abdominal pain	ERBD	Cure	2
F 53	Right	Hepatic hydatidosis	Yes	Yes	Yes	Abdominal pain, ascites and respiratory distress	Endoscopic sphincterotomy alone	NA	NA
M 26	Right	Hepatic hydatidosis	Yes	Yes	Yes	Ascites and anemia	ERBD	Cure	NA
M 44	Right	Hepatic hydatidosis	Yes	NA	NA	NA	Surgery	Cure	NA
F 73	Right	Hepatocellular carcinoma	Yes	NA	NA	NA	ERBD	Cure but died 5 mo later	5
F 57	Right	Syphilis gummosa	Yes	Yes	NA	NA	Surgery	Failure	NA
M 54	Right	Chronic pancreatitis	Yes	Yes	NA	Chest pain and diabetes	Surgery	Cure	NA
F 58	Right	Uterine leiomyosarcoma with hepatic metastases	Yes	Yes	Yes	Dyspnea	PTCD	Cure	11
M 61	Right	cholangiolithiasis	Yes	Yes	Yes	Abdominal pain, dyspnea	Endoscopic stone extraction and sphincterotomy	Cure	NA
F 71	NA	Metastatic liver tumors	Yes	NA	No	Abdominal pain	Surgery	Failure	NA
F 56	NA	Cholangiolithiasis	Yes	NA	NA	NA	Endoscopic sphincterotomy and stone extraction	Cure	NA
F 38	Right	Mucinous adenocarcinoma	Yes	NA	NA	NA	PTCD	Cure	NA
F 87	Right	Cholangiolithiasis	Yes	Yes	NA	NA	Endoscopic stone extraction and sphincterotomy	Cure	NA
M 18	Right	Biliary stenosis	Yes	NA	NA	NA	PTCD and balloon dilation cholangio plasty	Cure	NA
M 47	Right	Hepatic abscess and chronic pancreatitis	Yes	Yes	NA	Abdominal pain	Surgery	Cure	NA
M 63	Right	Acute cholecystitis in a suprahepatic gallbladder	Yes	NA	Yes	Abdominal pain, portosystemic encephalopathy and ascites	Surgery	Failure	NA
M 58	Right	Metastatic liver tumors	Yes	Yes	Yes	Hemoptysis	Surgery	Failure	NA
M 44	Right	Chronic pancreatitis	Yes	NA	NA	NA	Surgery	Cure	NA
M 15	Right	Trauma	Yes	Yes	NA	NA	Surgery	Cure	NA
M 14	Right	Cholangiolithiasis	Yes	Yes	Yes	Chest pain	Surgery	Cure	72
M 45	Right	Cholangiolithiasis	Yes	Yes	NA	Abdominal pain	Surgery	NA	72
F 26	NA	Biliary stenosis	Yes	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
M 21	Right	Trauma	Yes	NA	NA	Anorexia	Percutaneous drainage	Cure	4

M: Male; F: Female; ERBD: Endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage; ENBD: Endoscopic nasobiliary drainage; PTCD: Percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage; NA: Not applicable/available. COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases.