Proteomic analysis reveals molecular biological details in varioliform gastritis without Helicobacter pylori infection

Table 1 Characteristics of varioliform gastritis patients in this study

PatientNo.	Sex	Age (yr)	Lesion site	Histology
1	F	77	Gastric antrum	Acute and chronic mucosal inflammation, H. pylori (-)
2	F	54	Gastric antrum	Acute and chronic mucosal inflammation, H. pylori (-)
3	F	59	Gastric body and gastric antrum	Acute and chronic mucosal inflammation with Lymphocytic infiltration, H. pylori (-)
4	F	43	Gastric body and gastric antrum	Acute and chronic mucosal inflammation, H. pylori (-)
5	F	62	Gastric antrum	Acute and chronic mucosal inflammation, H. pylori (-)
6	F	68	Gastric body and gastric antrum	Acute and chronic mucosal inflammation, H. pylori (-)
7	M	44	Gastric antrum	Acute and chronic mucosal inflammation with Lymphocytic infiltration, H. pylori (-)
8	M	36	Gastric antrum	Acute and chronic mucosal inflammation, H. pylori (-)
9	M	76	Gastric antrum	Acute and chronic mucosal inflammation with Lymphocytic infiltration, H. pylori (-)
10	M	67	Gastric antrum	Acute and chronic mucosal inflammation, H. pylori (-)
11	M	55	Gastric antrum and pylorus	Acute and chronic mucosal inflammation, H. pylori (-)
12	M	45	Gastric antrum	Acute and chronic mucosal inflammation, H. pylori (-)
13	M	72	Gastric antrum	Acute and chronic mucosal inflammation with Lymphocytic infiltration, H. pylori (-)
14	M	57	Gastric antrum and pylorus	Acute and chronic mucosal inflammation, H. pylori (-)
15	M	61	Gastric antrum	Acute and chronic mucosal inflammation with Lymphocytic infiltration, H. pylori (-)
16	M	51	Gastric antrum	Acute and chronic mucosal inflammation, H. pylori (-)
17	M	78	Gastric antrum and pylorus	Acute and chronic mucosal inflammation, H. pylori (-)

H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori.

Table 2 Differentially expressed proteins in varioliform gastritis

ID No.	Protein name	Gene name	AccessionNo.	Mass (Da)/pI	Cover rate (mean, %)	Mascotscores	Intensity of candidateprotein spotsa (positive rate)	General function/comments
	Up-regulated proteins
1	Thioredoxin domain containing protein 5 precursor	TXNDC5	Q8NBS9	47 629.2/5.3	25	228	36.5 ± 3.1, 2.7 ± 0.4 (100%, 44.4%)	Controlling the oxidative protein folding in endoplasmic reticulum
2	Proliferating cell nuclear antigen	PCNA	P12004	28 762.4/4.7	37	184	18.6 ± 4.2, 3.3 ± 0.9 (94.4%, 70.5%)	Cell growth and maintenance
3	40S ribosomalprotein SA	RPSA	P08865	32 702.4/4.79	46	104	64.3 ± 11.1, 11.5 ± 2.8 (100%, 88.3%)	Originally known as laminin receptor precursor and p40
4	Heat-shock protein β-1	HSPB1	P04792	22 768.5/5.9	33		73.8 ± 13.4, 12.7 ± 3.4 (100%, 100%)	A HSP27 isoform (pI5.68)
5	Inorganic pyrophosphatase2	PPA2	Q9H2U2	35 472/5.9	69	245	24.1 ± 2.7, 3.6 ± 1.2 (94.4%, 58.9%)	Overexpressed in some cancer tissues
6	S100 calcium-binding protein A10	S100A10	P60903	11 195.5/6.8	62	148	43.0 ± 5.7, 5.9 ± 2.7 (88.9%, 41.2%)	It may function as a regulator of protein phosphorylation in the ANXA2 monomer
7	Nucleoside diphosphate kinase A	NME1	P15531	17 137.7/5.8	49	193	59.4 ± 12.6, 13.2 ± 5.8 (82.4%, 70.6%)	It plays a major role in the synthesis of nucleoside triphosphates other than ATP
8	Proteasome activator complex subunit 1	PSME1	Q06323	38 966.2/7.6	53	138	83.8 ± 17.4, 10.5 ± 4.7 (100%, 41.2%)	Implicated in immuno-proteasome assembly and required for efficient antigen processing
9	Ubiquitin thiolesterase L3	UCHL3	P15374	26 337/4.7	42	174	62.4 ± 11.9, 13.7 ± 7.1 (88.9%, 29.4%)	Ubiquitin-protein hydrolase involved in the processing of both ubiquitin precursors and ubiquitinated proteins
10	S100 calcium-binding protein A6	S100A6	P06703	11 732.8/5.6	71	234	21.6 ± 5.3, 3.7 ± 1.1 (82.4%, 23.5%)	Preferentially expressed when quiescent fibroblasts are stimulated to proliferate
	Down-regulated proteins
11	Cell division cycle 2-like protein kinase 5	CDC2L5	Q14004	48 212.2/8.3	37	168	1.7 ± 0.5, 14.2 ± 2.6 (17.6%, 52.9%)	May be a controller of the mitotic cell cycle involved
12	BTG3 protein	BTG3	Q14201	29 117.3/9.1	64	265	5.8 ± 2.3, 47.4 ± 6.1 (29.4%, 82.4%)	Overexpression impairs serum-induced cell cycle progression from the G0/G1 to S phase
13	Neuropolypeptide h3	PEBP1	P30086	31 270.6/5.7	58	220	2.9 ± 1.4, 58.6 ± 11.8 (17.6%, 100%)	Binds ATP, opioids and phosphatidylethanolamine
14	Heat-shock protein 17 kDa	HSPB3	Q12988	16 966/5.7	39	105	16.8 ± 4.4, 89.5 ± 14.7 (100%, 100%)	Inhibitor of actin polymerization
15	Caspase-5 precursor	CASP5	P51878	47 815/9.2	48	201	7.6 ± 2.6, 45.9 ± 11.7 (41.2%, 77.8%)	Mediator of apoptosis
16	Cytokeratin 20	KRT20	P35900	48 487/4.9	52	131	2.9 ± 0.4, 17.5 ± 3.6 (29.4%, 52.9%)	It plays a significant role in maintaining keratin filament organization in intestinal epithelia. When phosphorylated, it plays a role in the secretion of mucin in the small intestine
17	Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit 2	EIF3I	Q13347	23 354/4.9	44	173	8.9 ± 2.3, 46.3 ± 17.2 (35.3%, 100%)	Binds to the 40S ribosome and promotes the binding of methonyl
18	Ribosomal protein S12	RPS12	P25398	14 526.0/5.6	56	141	5.7 ± 1.4, 52.6 ± 10.3 (29.4%, 70.6%)	Belongs to the ribosomal protein S12e family

^aP < 0.05 vs the normal gastric mucosa. t test was used for analyzing the difference of the intensity of candidate protein spots. PEBP1: Phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 1; TXNDC5: Thioredoxin domain-containing protein 5.