Helicobacter pylori in dental plaque and stomach of patients from Northern Brazil

Table 1 Frequency of vacA and cagA genotypes in patients positive for H. pylori DNA in dental plaque and stomach

H. pylori genotypes					Histopathological parametersa						Endoscopic diagnosisb		Total
Stomach		Dental plaque			DI		NA		IM	H. pylori	PU	G (+H)
vacA	cagA	C	D	N	1	2/3	1	2/3	+	+
s1m1	+	42	4	5	21	30	26	25	8	22	7	34/(10)	51
s1m1, s2m2	+	12	-	-	5	7	6	6	3	5	-	10/(2)	12
s2m2	+	-	-	4	2	2	2	2	1	1	1	2/(1)	4
s2m2	-	9	4	15	25	3	22	6	-	11	1	22/(5)	28
Total		63	8	24	53	42	56	39	12	39	9	72/(14)	95

DI: Degree of inflammation; NA: Neutrophilic activity (histopathological scores: 1, light; 2, moderate; 3, intense); IM: Intestinal metaplasia; H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori; G: Gastritis; H: Hiatus hernia; PU: Peptic ulcer; N: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) negative for H. pylori in dental plaque; C: Identical genotypes in the stomach and dental plaque; D: Distinct genotypes in the stomach and dental plaque.

^aG tests (Yates) = 16.83, P < 0.001 (DI: s1m1 cagA + x s2m2 cagA-); G tests (Yates) = 4.86, P = 0.027 (NA: s1m1 cagA + x s2m2 cagA-);

^bG tests (Yates) = 4.36, P = 0.037 (disease: s1m1 cagA + x s2m2 cagA-).

Table 2 Results of the different diagnostic tests for H. pylori detection in gastric biopsies and dental plaque samples n (%)

Techniques used in the specimens	H. pylori		Total
	Positive	Negative
Dental plaquea
PCR	71 (72)	28 (28)	99
Urease	48 (52)	45 (48)	93
Stomachb
PCR	95 (96)	4 (4)	99
Histological1	39 (48)	43 (52)	82
Urease	47 (49)	49 (51)	96

¹31 of 39 were also urease positive;

^aG tests (Yates) = 7.39, P = 0.006;

^bG tests (Williams) = 76.82, P = 0.0001 (PCR/Histological/Urease); G tests (Yates) = 57.14, P = 0.0001 (PCR/Histological); G tests (Yates) = 58.48, P = 0.001 (PCR/Urease); G tests (Yates) = 0.001, P = 0.97 (Urease/Histological).

Table 3 Comparison of H. pylori isolates in the stomach and dental plaque, by PCR assay n (%)

Genotypes		Stomach	Dental plaque
vacA	cagA
s1am1	+	16 (17)	16 (22)
s1bm1	+	35 (37)	26 (37)
s2m2	+	4 (4)	-
s1bm1/s2m2 (mixed infection)	+	12 (13)	16 (22)
s2m2	-	28 (29)	9 (13)
s1bm2/s2m2 (mixed infection)	-	-	4 (6)
		95 (100)	71 (100)

Mann-Whitney test: U = 15.00, Z (U) = 0.48, P = 0.63.