Prognostic analysis of patients with pancreatic head adenocarcinoma less than 2 cm undergoing resection

Table 1 Clinicopathological features of 159 pancreatic head adenocarcinoma patients with tumor size smaller and larger than 2 cm n (%)

	S-PAC (n = 36)	L-PAC (n = 123)	P
Age (yr)	61.9 ± 8.2	62.8 ± 10.5	0.601
Sex (M/F)	22/14	74/49	0.918
Symptom (+/-)	35/1	123/0	0.226
Physical findings (+/-)	32/4	99/24	0.244
Albumin (g/dL)	3.74 ± 0.58	3.71 ± 0.61	0.827
AST (IU/L)	178.8 ± 258.5	138.1 ± 127.7	0.204
CEA (ng/mL) ≥ 5	8/27 (29.6)	33/92 (35.9)	0.549
CA 19-9 (IU/L) ≥ 37	20/29 (69.0)	72/96 (75.0)	0.518
Size (median)	1.5	3.5	0.0001
Operation time (min)	494.5 ± 141.5	469.2 ± 118.1	0.292
LN metastasis	23 (63.9)	72 (58.5)	0.565
PV invasion	4 (11.1)	12 (9.8)	0.760
Positive margin	10 (27.8)	35 (28.5)	0.244
Staging			0.459
I	12 (33.3)	39 (31.7)
II	1 (2.8)	12 (9.8)
III	22 (61.1)	71 (57.7)
IV	1 (2.8)	1 (0.8)
Tumor differentiation			0.723
W-D	11 (30.6)	38 (30.9)
M-D	19 (52.8)	59 (48.0)
P-D	6 (16.7)	26 (21.2)
Morbidity	11 (30.6)	33 (26.8)	0.660
Postoperative CT	23 (63.9)	58 (47.2)	0.077
Postoperative RT	1 (2.8)	11 (8.9)	0.300
Mortality	1 (2.8)	5 (4.1)	0.760

AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CA 19-9: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9; LN: Lymph node; PV: Portal vein; W-D: Well-differentiated; M-D: Moderate-differentiation; P-D: Poor-differentiation; CT: Chemotherapy; RT: Radiotherapy.

Table 2 Univariate analysis of factors influencing the overall survival of the 35 small pancreatic head cancer patients undergoing resection

Factors	Survival time (mo)				P
	Median (mo)	Mean (mo)	3-yr (%)	5-yr (%)
Gender					0.8417
Male (n = 21)	13.0	24.0	28.1	0
Female (n = 14)	14.0	27.9	23.4	11.7
Age (yr)					0.2931
≤ 60 (n = 13)	24.6	26.4	35.9	12.0
> 60 (n = 22)	9.4	8.06-10.75	17.02	12.61
Physical examination					0.9566
Positive (n = 31)	13.0	28.1	26.7	8.0
Negative (n = 4)	16.1	22.5	25.0	0
Bilirubin (mg/dL)					0.5049
≤ 2 (n = 8)	14.0	15.6	14.3	0
> 2 (n = 27)	16.1	29.4	39.6	7.7
Albumin (g/dL)					0.0002
≤ 3.5 (n = 13)	5.9	7.6	0	0
> 3.5 (n = 22)	16.6	32.7	33.6	11.2
Serum CEA (ng/mL)					0.6741
≤ 5 (n = 24)	16.6	22.4	23.6	7.9
> 5 (n = 11)	9.1	19.8	25.0	15.42
Serum CA 19-9 (IU/L)					0.7592
≤ 37 (n = 11)	16.6	19.4	11.1	11.1
> 37 (n = 24)	14.0	23.5	33.6	0
Operative procedure					0.6500
Whipple (n = 30)	16.1	27.9	28.8	7.2
PPPD (n = 5)	14.0	15.5	0	0
Portal vein invasion					0.1467
Positive (n = 2)	4.0	9.0	0	0
Negative (n = 33)	16.1	28.0	28.1	7.0
Resection margin					0.6704
Positive (n = 10)	10.9	19.5	30.0	0
Negative (n = 25)	16.1	28.8	26.4	7.9
TNM staging					0.0931
I + II (n = 13)	16.6	40.2	50.0	15.0
III + IV (n = 22)	13.0	17.6	14.4	0
Tumor differentiation					0.3202
W-D (10)	23.1	22.9	50.0	0
M-D (19)	10.8	21.5	17.9	6.0
P-D (6)	16.1	32.2	50.0	25.0
Post-operative CT					0.7114
With (n = 23)	16.1	23.9	25.3	0
Without (n = 12)	10.8	28.8	27.8	13.9
Post-operative RT					0.9385
With (n = 1)	24.6	24.6	0	0
Without (n = 24)	14.0	24.6	27.4	6.9

IU: International unit; PPPD: Pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy.