Case Report
Copyright ©2008 The WJG Press and Baishideng.
World J Gastroenterol. Feb 14, 2008; 14(6): 954-959
Published online Feb 14, 2008. doi: 10.3748/wjg.14.954
Table 1 Major causes for acute intestinal pseudo-obstruction (adapted from 2)
Post-surgeryAbdominal, orthopedic, neurologic, urologic, cardiac interventions, caesarean section, gynecological/pelvic surgery, renal transplantation
Pulmonary diseasesPneumonia, mechanical ventilation, adult respiratory distress syndrome
Electrolyte disturbances and metabolic disordersHyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypocalcaemia or hypocalcaemia, hypomagnesaemia, alcohol abuse, liver and renal failure
Cardiovascular diseasesMyocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident, congestive heart failure
MalignancyRetroperitoneal neoplasia, leukaemia, metastatic cancer, pelvic radiotherapy
Infective/inflammatoryAcute cholecystitis, pancreatitis, peritonitis, systemic sepsis, herpes zoster infection, gram-negative infections,
NeurologicParkinson's disease, Alzheimer, multiple sclerosis, low spinal cord disease
TraumaticPelvic trauma, spinal cord injuries, femoral fracture
MedicationsNarcotics, opiates, anticholinergics, clonidine, amphetamines, phenothiazines, steroids
Table 2 Major causes for chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (adapted from 11)
NeuropathicMyopathic
Idiopathic-Hirschsprung disease-Nonfamilial hollow visceral myopathy
Acquired-Familial visceral neuropathies-Familial visceral myopathies
-von Recklinghausen disease -Infiltrative diseases (amyloidosis) -Metabolic, endocrine and electrolyte diseorders (porphyrias, diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, hypokalemia) -Neurologic diseases (brainstem tumors, multiple sclerosis, dysautonomias) -Infectious diseases (trypanosomiasis, cytomegalovirus infections) -Neoplastic diseases (bronchial small cell carcinoma, carcinoids, pheochromocytoma) -Drugs (narcotics, antihypertensives, antidepressants)-Infiltrative diseases (amyloidosis, systemic sclerosis)
-Myotonic and other dystrophies