Pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy: A comparison between the two pancreaticojejunostomy methods for approximating the pancreatic parenchyma to the jejunal seromuscular layer: Interrupted vs continuous stitches

Table 1 Comparison of clinical characteristics between the interrupted suture group and the continuous suture group n (%)

	Interrupted suturegroup (n = 133)	Continuous suturegroup (n = 170)	P value
Age (yr)	58.2 ± 12.4	60.4 ± 10.9	0.072
Male:Female	1.8:1	1.5:1	0.484
Pancreas texture			0.893
Hard	35 (26)	52 (31)
Firm	86 (65)	76 (45)
Soft	12 (9)	42 (24)
Use of prophylactic octreotide	83 (62)	122 (72)	0.072
Jaundice	59 (44)	69 (41)	0.643
Diabetes mellitus	21 (16)	33 (19)	0.544
Diagnosis			0.433
Ampulla of vater cancer	35 (26)	45 (26)
Common bile duct cancer	38 (29)	46 (27)
Pancreatic cancer	34 (25)	57 (34)
Duodenal cancer	6 (5)	6 (4)
Etc.	20 (15)	16 (9)

Etc.: Ampulla of Vater adenoma, choledochal cyst, chronic pancreatitis, duodenal GIST, gallbladder cancer, intraductal papillary mucinous tumor, islet cell tumor of pancreas, peripancreatic neurilemmoma, pseudocyst, serous cystic adenoma.

Table 2 Comparison of postoperative complications and mortality between the interrupted suture group and the continuous suture group n (%)

	Number of patients		P value
	Interrupted suture group (n = 133)	Continuous suture group (n = 170)
Pancreatic fistula	14 (10.5)	10 (5.9)	0.102
ISGPF grade			0.085
Grade A	5 (3.8)	4 (2.4)
Grade B	6 (4.5)	6 (3.5)
Grade C	3 (2.3)	0
Major pancreatic fistula	3 (2.3)	0	0.026
Disruption	1 (0.8)	0
Daily drainage > 200 cc	0	0
Intra-abdominal abscess	2 (1.5)	0
Pseudoaneurysm	0	2	0.128
Reoperation for pancreatic fistula	1 (0.8)	0	0.199
Hospital mortality	0	0

Table 3 Perioperative risk factors for pancreatic fistula

	Pancreatic fistula (+)(n = 24)	P value
Age (yr)	62.3 ± 10.2	0.565
Male:Female	2:1	0.582
Preoperative disease
Diabetes mellitus	4 (7%, 4/54)	0.959
Laboratory findings
Hypoalbuminemia (3 < g/dL)	3 (9%, 3/33)	0.729
Hyperbilirubinemia (> 2 mg/dL)	14 (7%, 14/195)	0.665
Pathologic feature		0.039
Ampulla of Vater cancer	4 (5%, 4/80)
Common bile duct cancer	13 (16%, 13/84)
Pancreatic cancer	4 (4%, 4/91)
Duodenal cancer	0 (0%, 0/12)
Others	3 (8%, 3/36)
Type of resection		0.097
PPPD	22 (10%, 22/218)
Whipple's op.	2 (2%, 2/85)
Outer layer suture method		0.102
Interrupted	14 (11%, 14/133)
Continuous	10 (6%, 10/170)
Pancreas consistency		< 0.001
Hard	2 (2%, 2/87)
Firm	11 (7%, 11/162)
Soft	11 (20%, 11/54)
Total operative time (min)	383 ± 52	0.515
Estimated blood loss (mL)	564 ± 220	0.831
Use of prophylactic Octreotide	14 (7%, 14/205)	0.317
Lymph node metastasis		0.351
Yes	17 (9%, 17/197)
No	7 (7%, 7/106)
Positive resection margin		0.105
Yes	1 (4%, 1/26)
No	23 (8%, 23/277)