Distribution of trace metal concentrations in paired cancerous and non-cancerous human stomach tissues

Table 1 Operation parameters for flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer

Parameter	Cd	Ni	Cu	Zn	Fe	Mg	Ca
Wavelength (nm)	228.8	232	324.8	213.9	248.3	285.2	422.7
HCL current (mA)	4	7.5	3	9.5	15	15	6
Acetylene flow rate (L/min)	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	4.2
N2O flow rate (L/min)	-	-	-	-	-	-	4.7
Air flow rate (L/min)	4	4	4	4	4	4	-
Slit (nm)	0.5	0.2	0.5	0.5	0.2	0.5	0.5

Table 2 Equations of the curves

Equation
Y = 2.4972x + 1.12	R2 = 0.99	For Cd (4-100 ng/mL by STAT-AAS)
Y = 0.3278x - 0.2083	R2 = 1	For Cu (25-400 ng/mL by STAT-AAS)
Y = 85x + 0.5	R2 = 0.99	For Ni (0.2-2.0 mg/L)
Y = 302x + 0.75	R2 = 0.99	For Zn (0.1-1.0 mg/L)
Y = 64x + 0.43	R2 = 1	For Fe (0.20-3.0 mg/L)
Y = 515x + 7.0	R2 = 0.99	For Mg (0.25-2.0 mg/L)
Y = 305x + 39	R2 = 1	For Ca (0.25-2.0 mg/L)

Table 3 Trace metal concentrations in cancerous and non-cancerous stomach tissues. Every single cancerous tissue belongs to a different patient (mean ± SD, n = 3)

Tissue	Cd (ng/g)		Ni (ng/g)		Cu (mg/kg)		Zn (mg/kg)		Fe (mg/kg)		Mg (mg/kg)		Ca (mg/kg)
(Age)	Cancerous	non-can-cerous	Cancerous	non-cancerous	Cancer-ous	non-cancerous	Cancer-ous	non-cancerous	Cancerous	non-cancerous	Cancer-ous	non-cancerous	Cancer-ous	non-cancerous
Stomach	30 ± 9		230 ± 55		0.6 ± 0.1		11 ± 1		24 ± 3		508 ± 752		526 ± 85
(65)
Stomach	156 ± 16		260 ± 30		0.9 ± 0.1		26 ± 2		8 ± 1		203 ± 18		545 ± 90
(62)
Stomach	50 ± 9		740 ± 84		0.9 ± 0.2		23 ± 24		65 ± 30		44 ± 172		1010 ± 930
(80)
Stomach	29 ± 16		820 ± 113		0.7 ± 0.1		7 ± 1		60 ± 17		112 ± 30		480 ± 130
(66)
Stomach	10 ± 3	33 ± 6	905 ± 690	328 ± 55	1.2 ± 0.1	1.0 ± 0.3	11 ± 1	23 ± 0.1	25 ± 4	19 ± 8	80 ± 10	200 ± 14	390 ± 76	834 ± 155
(58)1
Stomach	33 ± 10	42 ± 7	1120 ± 265	840 ± 93	1.8 ± 0.1	1.5 ± 0.2	12 ± 2	17 ± 1	16 ± 2	21 ± 2	150 ± 12	84 ± 10	335 ± 41	450 ± 86
(60)1
Stomach	68 ± 26	130 ± 21	510 ± 80	439 ± 57	1.5 ± 0.2	1.2 ± 0.1	16 ± 2	21 ± 4	37 ± 9	18 ± 5	210 ± 23	190 ± 15	432 ± 96	1047 ± 120
(57)1
Stomach	90 ± 15	63 ± 8	2010 ± 356	1240 ± 112	1.7 ± 0.2	0.9 ± 0.1	25 ± 3	19 ± 1	40 ± 5	23 ± 3	106 ± 11	45 ± 52	235 ± 34	492 ± 75
(59)1
Stomach	107 ± 19	55 ± 5	335 ± 164	321 ± 237	1.5 ± 0.6	1.1 ± 0.3	22 ± 2	19 ± 1	34 ± 14	36 ± 21	210 ± 15	300 ± 128	911 ± 215	1199 ± 53
(52)1
Stomach	22 ± 9	58 ± 8	740 ± 145	720 ± 95	1.1 ± 0.2	0.6 ± 0.1	18 ± 2	16 ± 1	35 ± 4	34 ± 3	24 ± 32	30 ± 52	403 ± 55	523 ± 41
(51)1
Stomach	31 ± 3	33 ± 6	527 ± 116	241 ± 32	2.8 ± 0.1	0.9 ± 0.5	41 ± 4	30 ± 15	20 ± 2	23 ± 7	270 ± 15	241 ± 30	530 ± 10	624 ± 78
(66)1
Stomach	30 ± 6	55 ± 6	360 ± 92	270 ± 32	0.5 ± 0.07	0.7 ± 0.1	25 ± 2	30 ± 3	9 ± 2	10 ± 3	200 ± 28	215 ± 25	600 ± 110	615 ± 65
(60)1
Stomach	10 ± 1	33 ± 3	182 ± 72	190 ± 5	4.3 ± 0.5	2.1 ± 1.6	19 ± 4	23 ± 2	17 ± 3	20 ± 4	130 ± 21	110 ± 17	460 ± 62	484 ± 56
(49)1
Stomach	30 ± 5	32 ± 4	500 ± 98	240 ± 28	2.8 ± 0.1	1.2 ± 0.2	33 ± 3	35 ± 4	12 ± 3	18 ± 4	190 ± 20	135 ± 15	533 ± 67	624 ± 60
(55)1
Stomach	65 ± 17	85 ± 10	700 ± 85	750 ± 103	1.7 ± 0.1	0.8 ± 0.1	207 ± 192	826 ± 552	25 ± 2	13 ± 2	314 ± 30	184 ± 22	746 ± 86	713 ± 66
(50)1
Stomach	60 ± 12	80 ± 11	300 ± 45	130 ± 12	2.4 ± 0.3	0.8 ± 0.1	410 ± 282	380 ± 362	26 ± 3	15 ± 2	207 ± 31	275 ± 10	685 ± 74	715 ± 61
(53)1
Stomach	70 ± 12	105 ± 10	730 ± 98	850 ± 120	2.2 ± 0.2	1.9 ± 0.1	15 ± 2	16 ± 2	42 ± 4	25 ± 3	215 ± 10	200 ± 40	375 ± 42	417 ± 36
(40)1
Stomach	32 ± 5	100 ± 12	410 ± 65	800 ± 112	2.2 ± 0.2	1.3 ± 0.1	17 ± 1	16 ± 2	42 ± 5	24 ± 2	327 ± 30	210 ± 25	476 ± 26	508 ± 52
(51)1
Average	51 ± 37	65 ± 31	632 ± 430	526 ± 335	1.7 ± 1	1.1 ± 0.4	20 ± 9	22 ± 6	30 ± 16	21 ± 7	195 ± 72	195 ± 63	537 ± 196	660 ± 230
Range	10-156	32-130	230-2010	130-1240	0.5-4.3	0.6-2.1	7-41	16-30	8-65	10-36	24-508	30-300	235-1010	417-1199

¹Cancerous and non-cancerous tissues in lines belong to the same persons;

²These values are not included in calculation of average and in range data.

Table 4 Significant and tendentious elements in cancerous human stomach tissue except for the last one

Status	Stomach	P (for paired samples)	P (for total samples)
Significant	Ca (-)	0.009	0.122
	Cu (+)	0.001	0.036
	Fe (+)	0.046	0.065
Tendentious	Ni (+)	0.092	0.409
		0.025