Expression of PTEN, PPM1A and P-Smad2 in hepatocellular carcinomas and adjacent liver tissues

Table 1 Expression of PTEN in hepatocellular carcinomas, paracancerous tissues and non-tumor liver tissues

Parameters	Cases (n)	Positive cases	Mean score of PTEN staining (mean ± SD)
			Nucleus	Cytoplasm	Cell membrane
HCC (Edmondson grading system)	31	20ac	0abc	4.19 ± 3.31abc	4.77 ± 3.92
GradeIandI-II	10	8	0	5.80 ± 3.12e	5.30 ± 3.68
Grade II	7	4	0	4.14 ± 3.89	4.86 ± 4.56
Grade II-III and above	14	8	0	3.07 ± 2.87e	4.36 ± 4.01
Paracancerous tissue	25	24	3.88 ± 3.14ab	7.88 ± 0.93abd	5.16 ± 3.69d
Non-tumor liver tissue	13	13	5.79 ± 2.31bc	7.77 ± 0.93bcd	3.92 ± 3.35d
Cirrhotic liver tissue	5	5	7.40 ± 1.14	8.40 ± 0.55	4.40 ± 4.10
Hepatitis tissue	3	3	4.33 ± 3.79	8.00 ± 1.00	4.33 ± 3.79
Normal liver tissue	5	5	5.0 ± 1.41	7.00 ± 0.71	3.20 ± 2.95
Intrahepatic vascular embolism
Present	11	5	0b	3.00 ± 3.46be	3.27 ± 3.79
Absent	14	12	0b	6.28 ± 2.37be	6.71 ± 2.89

^aP < 0.05 HCC vs paracancerous tissue;

^bP < 0.01 nucleus vs cytoplasm group;

^cP < 0.05 HCC vs non-tumor liver tissue;

^eP < 0.05, inter-group comparison;

^dP < 0.001 cytoplasm vs cell membrane.

Table 2 Expression of PPM1A in hepatocellular carcinomas, para-cancerous tissues and non-tumor liver tissues

Parameters	Cases (n)	Mean score of PPM1A staining (mean ± SD)
		Nucleus	Cytoplasm
HCC (Edmondson grades)	31	3.45 ± 3.00abc	6.32 ± 3.00abc
GradeIandI-II	10	5.60 ± 2.54e	3.90 ± 4.14e
Grade II	7	3.57 ± 2.15b	7.86 ± 0.69
Grade II-III and above	14	1.86 ± 2.79d,b	7.28 ± 1.38be
Paracancerous tissue	25	6.28 ± 1.95ab	2.08 ± 3.45ab
Non-tumor liver tissue	13	5.38 ± 1.45be	0cb
Liver cirrhosis	5	6.40 ± 0.55	0
Hepatitis	3	3.33 ± 0.58	0
Normal liver tissue	5	5.60 ± 1.14	0
Intrahepatic vascular embolism
Present	11	3.82 ± 3.22	6.09 ± 3.11
Absent	14	3.71 ± 3.05	6.14 ± 3.44

^aP < 0.05 HCC vs paracancerous tissue;

^bP < 0.01 nucleus vs cytoplasm;

^cP < 0.05 HCC vs non-tumor liver tissue;

^eP < 0.05, inter-group comparison.

Table 3 Expression of P-Smad2 in hepatocellular carcinomas, paracancerous tissues and non-tumor liver tissues

Parameters	Cases (n)	Mean score of P-Smad2 staining (mean ± SD)
		Nucleus	Cytoplasm
HCC (Edmondson grades)	31	8.61 ± 0.68bd	1.74 ± 3.08abd
GradeIandI-II	10	8.70 ± 0.48	4.90 ± 3.54c
Grade II	7	7.85 ± 1.07	0.71 ± 1.89c
Grade II-III and above	14	8.79 ± 0.58	0d
Paracancerous tissue	25	8.28 ± 0.74b	7.28 ± 1.21ab
Non-tumor liver tissue	13	7.08 ± 1.61bd	5.31 ± 2.84bd
Cirrhosis tissue	5	8.40 ± 0.55c	7.40 ± 1.81
Hepatitis tissue	3	5.33 ± 0.58c	1.33 ± 2.31
Normal liver tissue	5	6.80 ± 1.64	5.60 ± 0.89
Intrahepatic vascular embolism
Present	11	8.82 ± 0.40	2.36 ± 3.35
Absent	14	8.43 ± 0.76	2.00 ± 3.37

^aP < 0.05 HCC vs paracancerous tissue;

^bP < 0.005 nucleus vs cytoplasm;

^dP < 0.001 HCC vs non-tumor liver tissue;

^cP < 0.05, inter-group comparison.

Table 4 Relationship of PTEN, PPM1A and P-Smad2 with HCC, paracancerous and non-tumor liver tissues

Types	Cases (n)	PTEN		PPM1A		P-Smad2
		Cytoplasm	Nucleus	Cytoplasm	Nucleus	Cytoplasm	Nucleus
HCC	31	20	0	26	20	8	31
Paracancerous tissue	25	24	17	7	25	25	25
Non-tumor liver tissue	13	13	12	0	13	11	13

The location of expression of PTEN vs PPM1A vs P-Smad2 in the cytoplasm or nucleus of different liver diseases was significantly different (P < 0.001).

Table 5 Relationship of PPM1A and P-Smad2 with different Edmondson grades of HCC

Pathological type	Cases (n)	PPM1A		P-Smad2
		Cytoplasm	Nucleus	Cytoplasm	Nucleus
HCC (Edmondson grade)	31	26	20	8	31
GradeIandI-II	10	5	9	7	10
Grade II	7	7	6	1	7
Grade II-III and above	14	14	5	0	14

The location expression of PPM1A vs P-Smad2 in the cytoplasm or nucleus of HCC of different Edmondson grades was significantly different (P < 0.05).