Review
Copyright ©2007 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
World J Gastroenterol. Jul 14, 2007; 13(26): 3554-3566
Published online Jul 14, 2007. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v13.i26.3554
Table 1 Paris staging system of primary gastrointestinal lymphomas[59]
Paris staging system1,2
T stage
TXLymphoma extend not specified
T0No evidence of lymphoma
T1Lymphoma confined to the mucosa/submucosa
T1mLymphoma confined to the mucosa
T1smLymphoma confined to the submucosa
T2Lymphoma infiltrates muscularis propria or subserosa
T3Lymphoma penetrates serosa (visceral peritoneum) without invasion of adjacent structures
T4Lymphoma invades adjacent structures or organs
N stage
NXInvolvement of lymph nodes not assessed
N0No evidence of lymph node involvement
N13Involvement of regional lymph nodes
N2Involvement of intra-abdominal lymph nodes beyond the regional area
N3Spread to extra-abdominal lymph nodes
M stage
MxDissemination of lymphoma not assessed
M0No evidence of extranodal dissemination
M1Non-continuous involvement of separate site in gastrointestinal tract (e.g. stomach and rectum)
M2Non-continuous involvement of other tissues (e.g. peritoneum, pleura) or organs (e.g. tonsils, parotid gland, ocular adnexa, lung, liver, spleen, kidney etc.)
B stage
BXInvolvement of bone marrow not assessed
B0No evidence of bone marrow involvement
B1Lymphomatous infiltration of bone marrow
TNMBClinical staging: status of tumour, node, metastasis, bone marrow
pTNMBHistopathological staging: status of tumour, node, metastasis, bone marrow
pN:The histological examination will ordinarily include 6 or more lymph nodes