Radiofrequency ablation in a porcine liver model: Effects of transcatheter arterial embolization with iodized oil on ablation time, maximum output, and coagulation diameter as well as angiographic characteristics

Table 1 Ablation protocol

Baselinepower output	Step up rate	Maximum output	Restart output	Application process
30 W	10 W/min	Until roll-off	70% of the maximum output	Twice

The baseline power output was set at 30 W. Ablation was continued with an increase of 10 W per minute until roll-off occurred. After the first RO, ablation was resumed 30 s later at 70% of the maximum power achieved, and was completed when RO occurred a second time.

Table 2 Ablation time to roll-off, maximum output, and coagulation diameter

	Group with RFA alone	Group with RFA following LP-TAE	P value
Ablation time to roll-off (s)	445.1 ± 35.9	320.6 ± 30.9	P < 0.05
Maximum output (W)	87.0 ± 4.83	69.0 ± 7.38	P < 0.05
Coagulation diameter (mm)	33.2 ± 2.28	41.7 ± 3.85	P < 0.05

Significant reductions in roll-off time and output and significantly greater coagulation diameter were obtained with RFA following LP-TAE compared with RFA alone. LP-TAE: Transcatheter arterial embolization with iodized oil (Lipiodol); RFA: radiofrequency ablation.