Methylation in esophageal carcinogenesis

Table 1 Compilation of genes hypermethylated in esophageal cancer n (%)

Gene	Entity of pathology	Incidence of methylation		Reference
		Cancer tissue	(Adjacent)nonmalignant tissue
p14ARF	ESCC	6/40 (15)	ND	29
	EAC	0/50 (0.0)	ND	27
p15	ESCC	6/34 (18)	ND	26
	ESCC	5/40 (13)	ND	29
p16	ESCC	17/34 (50)	ND	26
	ESCC	18/28 (64)	0/30 (0.0)	28
	ESCC	16/40 (40)	ND	29
	EAC	27/50 (54)	ND	27
	EAC	8/21 (38)	ND	27
	EAC	16/41 (39)	10/41 (24)	42
FHIT	ESCC	25/36 (69)	ND	33
	ESCC	85/257 (33)	ND	35
RARβ2	ESCC	14/20 (70)	2/17 (12)	37
	ESCC	34/47 (73)	18/47 (38)	38
APC	EAC	48/52 (92)	0/52 (0.0)	41
	ESCC	16/32 (50)	0/32 (0.0)	41
	EAC	28/41 (68)	3/41 (7.3)	42
	EAC	39/50 (78)	ND	27
ER	EAC	21/41 (51)	5/41 (12)	42
MGMT	ESCC	46/119 (39)	0/21 (0.0)	45
	EAC	24/41 (56)	10/41 (24)	42
E-Cadherin	EAC	26/31 (84)	ND	49
	EAC	27/41 (66)	5/41 (12)	42
	ESCC	16/20 (80)	ND	50
TSLC1	ESCC	28/56 (50)	ND	53
RASSF1A	ESCC	24/47 (51)	2/47 (4.3)	38
	ESCC	22/64 (34)	3/64 (4.7)	58
hMLH1	ESCC	0/30 (0.0)	ND	59
	ESCC + EAC	79/124 (64)	ND	60
VHL	ESCC	6/47 (13)	0/47 (0)	39
TIMP3	EAC	8/41 (19)	0/41 (0.0)	42
	EAC	71/79 (90)	0/79 (0.0)	61
DAP-kinase	EAC	8/41 (19)	2/41 (4.9)	42
pRb	EAC	10/30 (33)	ND	62
ECRG4	ESCC	12/15 (80 )	3/20 (15)	63
Chfr	ESCC + EAC	7/43 (16)	ND	64
HLA class I	ESCC	13/29 (45)	ND	65
EYA4	EAC	33/40 (83)	2/58 (3.4)	66
CDH13	ESCC+EAC	5/37 (14)	ND	67
SFRP1	EAC	37/40 (93)	3/30 (10)	68
PGP9.5	ESCC	21/50 (42)	ND	69

ND: Not done.