Evaluation of esophageal function in patients with esophageal motor abnormalities using multichannel intraluminal impedance esophageal manometry

Table 1 Impedance parameters of the liquid and viscous swallows by the manometric diagnosis (mean ± SD)

Impedance parameter	Bolus transit rate (%)		TBTT (s)
	Liquid	Viscous	Liquid	Viscous
Normal	88 ± 18	72 ± 28d	6.5 ± 1.3	7.6 ± 1.5d
IEM	59 ± 16b	61 ± 27bd	7.4 ± 1.6b	8.3 ± 1.4bd
Nutcracker esophagus	98 ± 8b	98 ± 5bd	6.0 ± 1.2b	6.9 ± 1.4bd
Scleroderma	9 ± 14b	3 ± 5b	-	-
Achalasia	5 ± 10b	0b	-	-

^bP < 0.01, vs normal by manometric diagnosis upon liquid swallows and viscous swallows (ANOVA);

^dP < 0.01, vs liquid swallows (unpaired t-test).

Table 2 Manometric and impedance evaluation of the liquid and viscous swallows

		Manometric evaluation
		Normal		Ineffective		Simultaneous		Total
		n	r%	n	r%	n	r%	n
MII evaluation
Liquid
Complete transit	n	578	91.6	51	8.1	2	0.3	631
	C%	89.6		23.7		4.9
Incomplete transit	n	67	24.8	164	60.7	39	14.4	270
	C%	10.4		76.3		95.1
Total	n	645	71.6	215	23.9	41	4.6	901
Viscous
Complete transit	n	423	96.1	17	3.9	0	0	440
	C%	82.5		9.1		0
Incomplete transit	n	90	29.6	170	55.9	44	14.5	304
	C%	17.5		91.9		100
Total	n	513	69.0	187	25.1	44	5.9	744

r%: Row percent (i.e. percent with given manometric evaluation); c%: Column percent (i.e. percent with given impedance evaluation).

Table 3 Baseline impedance by the manometric diagnosis (mean ± SD)

	Impedance measuring site (distance from the LES)
	20 cm (Ω)	15 cm (Ω)	10 cm (Ω)	5 cm (Ω)
Manometric diagnosis
Liquid
Normal	1530 ± 549a	1353 ± 464a	1808 ± 608a	2440 ± 778a
IEM	1430 ± 572a	994 ± 350a	1318 ± 507a	1875 ± 757a
Nutcracker	1329 ± 539a	1348 ± 550a	1636 ± 712a	2132 ± 1089a
Scleroderma	1006 ± 503	448 ± 238	419 ± 194	402 ± 195
Achalasia	658 ± 478	456 ± 287	391 ± 140	660 ± 465
Viscous
Normal	1415 ± 494a	1317 ± 428a	1589 ± 549a	2518 ± 1452a
IEM	1324 ± 476a	1050 ± 289a	1269 ± 465a	1849 ± 742a
Nutcracker	1447 ± 127a	1302 ± 220a	1642 ± 285a	2206 ± 342a
Scleroderma	787 ± 418	403 ± 160	378 ± 158	331 ± 145
Achalasia	388 ± 237	335 ± 150	323 ± 59	528 ± 343

^aP < 0.05, comparison between scleroderma esophagus or achalasia and the others; P values are not significant among normal manometry, IEM and nutcracker esophagus at all the impedance measuring sites in both liquid and viscous swallows (ANOVA).

Table 4 The manometry and impedance evaluation based on pathologic gastroesophageal reflux (mean ± SD)

	Swallow	Pathologicreflux (+)	Pathologicreflux (-)	P
Manometry
LES pressure (mmHg)	All	21.9 ± 9.5	28.8 ± 9.5	NS
Distal esophageal amplitude (mmHg)	Liquid	113.6 ± 60.6	133.8 ± 78.5a	< 0.05
	Viscous	113.2 ± 69.7	134.1 ± 79.1a	< 0.05
Impedance
TBTT (s)	Liquid	6.7 ± 1.5	6.6 ± 1.5	NS
	Viscous	7.0 ± 1.0	7.1 ± 1.6	NS
Bolus transit rate (%)	Liquid	91 ± 14	86 ± 16	NS
	Viscous	73 ± 21	70 ± 30	NS

^aP < 0.05 vs pathologic positive reflux.