Effect of lipopolysaccharide on diarrhea and gastrointestinal transit in mice: Roles of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2

Table 1 Effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on gastrointestinal transit (GIT) in mice (mean±SE).

Treatment	Percent of GIT	% Inhibition of GIT
Saline	66.4±6.5	0
LPS 5 mg/kg	55.1±5.7	17
LPS 10 mg/kg	50.5±3.0a	24.38a
LPS 20 mg/kg	47.5±6.0a	28.46a
LPS 30 mg/kg	38.5±6.2a	42a

^aP<0.05 vs the values of normal saline-treated mice.

Table 2 Effects of L-NAME or indomethancin, and arginine on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced gastrointestinal transit (GIT).

Treatment	Percent of GIT	% Inhibition of GIT
Saline	65.6±6.1	0
LPS 20 mg/kg	35.3±5.4a	43
LPS 20 mg/kg+L-NAME 10 mg/kg	56.7±6.9c	14
LPS 20 mg/kg+L-NAME 20 mg/kg	58.9±6.6c	10
LPS 20 mg/kg+L-NAME 10 mg/kg+L-arginine 800 mg/kg	44.2±6.5	33
LPS 20 mg/kg+L-NAME 10 mg/kg+D-arginine 800 mg/kg	55.6±6.2c	15
LPS 20 mg/kg+indomethacin 10 mg/kg	53.1±6.3c	22
LPS 20 mg/kg+indomethancin 20 mg/kg	57.6±5.7c	15
LPS 20 mg/kg+indomethacin 15 mg/kg+L-arginine 800 mg/kg	43.3±4.2	36
LPS 20 mg/kg+L-NAME 10 mg/kg+D-arginine 800 mg/kg	55.6±6.2c	15

^aP<0.05 vs the values of normal saline-treated mice,

^cP<0.05 vs the values of LPS alone-treated mice.

Table 3 Effects of L-NAME and indomethacin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced change of small intestinal content (mean±SE).

Treatment	Intestinal content (g/mouse)	% Intestinal content
Saline	0.14±0.02	100
LPS 5 mg/kg	0.18±0.02	129
LPS 10 mg/kg	0.21±0.01a	150
LPS 20 mg/kg	0.25±0.03a	179
LPS 30 mg/kg	0.26±0.03a	185
LPS 20 mg/kg+L-NAME 15 mg/kg	0.16±0.03c	114
LPS 20 mg/kg+indomethacin 15 mg/kg	0.160.02c	114

^aP<0.05 vs the values of normal saline-treated mice,

^cP<0.05 vs the values of LPS alone-treated mice.

Table 4 Effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced diarrheogenic activity in mice (mean±SE).

Dose (mg/kg)	Diarrheogenic activity (%)	Time course (h)	Diarrheogenic activity (%)
Saline	0	0	0
LPS, 5	49.6±3.0a	1	10.0±10
LPS, 10	56.6±3.9a	2	31.0±15
LPS, 20	87.7±4.0a	4	90.0±10a
LPS, 30	97.5±1.7a	6	94.0±8a

^aP<0.05 vs the values of normal saline-treated mice.

Table 5 Effects of L-NAME or/and arginine on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced diarrheogenic activity (mean±SE).

Treatment	Diarrheogenic activity (%)
Saline	0
LPS 20 mg/kg	87.7±4.0a
LPS 20mg/kg+L-NAME 10 mg/kg	40±4.36
LPS 20 mg/kg+L-NAME 20 mg/kg	30±4.46c
LPS 20 mg/kg+L-NAME 10 mg/kg +L-arginine 800 mg/kg	70±2.15
LPS 20 mg/kg+L-NAME 10 mg/kg +D-arginine 800 mg/kg	50±3.23
LPS 20 mg/kg+Indomethacin 10 mg/kg	30±4.25c
LPS 20 mg/kg+Indomethancin 20 mg/kg	20±2.41c
LPS 20 mg/kg+Indomethacin 15 mg/kg+L-arginine 800 mg/kg	50±3.62

^aP<0.05 vs the values in corresponding saline-treated mice,

^cP<0.05 vs the values in LPS (20 mg/kg)-treated mice.