No association of the matrix metalloproteinase 1 promoter polymorphism with susceptibility to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma in northern China

Table 1 Characteristics of ESCC, GCA patients, and healthy individuals.

Groups	Control n (%)	ESCCn (%)	P1	GCA n (%)	P1
Sex
Male	229 (65.4)	169 (72.2)	0.08	134 (73.2)	0.07
Female	121 (34.6)	65 (27.8)		49 (26.8)
Mean age	51.7 (10.7)	54.1 (10.2)	0.061	55.0 (10.5)	0.062
in yr (SD)
Smoking status3
Ex-or current
smoker	120 (42.9)	96 (50.5)	0.10	92 (55.4)	0.015
Non-smoker	160 (57.1)	94 (49.5)		74 (44.6)
Family history of UGIC4
Positive	6 (4.7)	56 (30.4)	<0.00016	62 (39.7)	<0.00016
Negative	123 (95.3)	128 (69.6)		96 (60.3)
MMP-1 SNP genotype
2G/2G	194 (55.4)	130 (55.6)	0.611	12 (61.2)	0.35
1G/2G	105 (30.0)	76 (32.5)		51 (27.3)
1G/1G	51 (14.6)	28 (11.9)		20 (10.9)
MMP-1 SNP allelotype
2G	493 (70.4)	336 (71.8)	0.61	275(75.1)	0.10
1G	207 (29.6)	132 (28.2)		91 (24.9)

ESCC: esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; GCA: gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma; UGIC: upper gastrointestinal cancer.

¹P value for χ² test;

²P value for t test; ^3,4information of smoking status and family history was available from a subset of subjects;

⁵smoking significantly increased the risk for GCA development (the age and sex adjusted OR = 1.64, 95%CI = 1.12-2.38);

⁶positive family history of UGIC significantly increased the risk of developing ESCC (the age and sex adjusted OR = 7.89, 95%CI = 3.25-15.49) and GCA (the age and sex adjusted OR = 13.24, 95%CI = 5.98-26.40).

Table 2 Association analysis of the MMP1 SNP with the risk of ESCC and GCA development.

	1G/1G	2G/2G	2G/1G+2G/2G	aOR (95%CI)3	aOR (95%CI)4
Overall
Normal	51 (14.9)	194 (55.4)	299 (85.4)
ESCC	28 (12.0)	130 (55.6)	206 (88.0)	1.28 (0.78-2.09)	1.23 (0.38-2.05)
GCA	20 (10.9)	112 (61.2)	163 (89.1)	1.39 (0.80-2.41)	1.34 (0.74-2.40)
Non-smoker1
Normal	25 (15.6)	89 (55.6)	135 (84.4)
ESCC	10 (10.6)	58 (61.7)	84 (89.4)	1.55 (0.65-3.46)	1.54 (0.68-3.48)
GCA	10 (13.5)	40 (54.1)	64 (86.5)	1.12 (0.49-2.58)	1.20 (0.38-3.82)
Smoker
Normal	18 (15.0)	64 (53.3)	102 (85.0)
ESCC	14 (14.6)	46 (47.9)	82 (85.4)	1.03 (0.48-2.19)	0.93 (0.42-2.06)
GCA	8 ( 8.7)	59 (64.1)	84 (91.3)	1.80 (0.74-4.37)	1.36 (0.46-4.05)
Negative family history2
ESCC	16 (12.5)	73 (57.0)	112 (87.5)	1.19 (0.65-2.18)	1.18 (0.63-2.20)
GCA	7 ( 7.3)	54 (56.2)	89 (92.7)	1.19 (0.56-2.51)	0.42 (0.16-1.04)
Positive family history3
ESCC	8 (14.3)	29 (51.8)	48 (85.7)	1.02 (0.46-2.29)	0.95 (0.41-2.21)
GCA	10 (16.1)	38 (61.3)	52 (83.9)	0.95 (0.59-1.53)	0.72 (0.31-1.70)

ESCC: esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; GCA: gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma; ^1,2information of smoking status and family history was available from a subset of subjects; ^3,4the age and sex adjusted odds ratio of the 2G/2G (c) and 1G/2G+2G/2G genotype (d) against the 1G/1G genotype.

Table 3 Influence of the MMP-1 SNP on lymphatic metastasis in ESCC and GCA¹.

Groups	LM negative cases (%)	LM positive cases (%)	aOR (95%CI)2
ESCC
1G/1G	12 (16.7)	6 (10.2)	1.0 (ref.)
2G/2G	31 (43.0)	29 (49.2)	1.72 (0.58-5.33)
1G/2G+2G/2G	60 (83.3)	53 (89.8)	1.73 (0.60-4.97)
GCA
1G/1G	7 (14.6)	2 ( 4.4)	1.0 (ref.)
2G/2G	25 (52.1)	28 (60.9)	3.80 (0.71-20.41)
1G/2G+2G/2G	41 (85.4)	44 (95.6)	3.66 (0.71-18.87)

ESCC: esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; GCA: gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma; LM: lymphatic metastasis, ¹all of the 131 ESCC (53 LM positive and 60 negative) and 96 GCA patients (46 LM positive and 48 negative) with available related data were considered;

²the age and sex adjusted odds ratio of the 2G/2G and 2G/1G+1G/1G genotype against the 1G/1G genotype.