Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide: Biological activities in vitro and in vivo, pathological correlation to human chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer

Table 1 Results of limulus lysate assay of H-LPS and E-LPS

Group	LPS (ng/mL)
	10.0	5.0	2.5	1.0	0.5	0.25	0.1	0.05
H-LPS	+	+	+	+	+	-	-	-
E-LPS	+	+	+	+	+	-	-	-
Pyrogen-free water	negative in two repeated samples

Table 2 PBMC number changes in the rabbits injected with H-LPS or E-LPS

Time (h)	PBMC (mean ± SD, × 109/L)
	H-LPS	E-LPS	Saline
Before injection	4.52 ± 1.28	4.38 ± 1.35	4.05 ± 1.42
After injection
0.5	12.51 ± 0.54	8.22 ± 0.68	4.25 ± 1.28
1.0	2.55 ± 0.87	2.23 ± 1.32	4.40 ± 1.19
1.5	1.56 ± 1.33	1.58 ± 1.27	4.08 ± 1.24
2.0	1.62 ± 0.93	1.64 ± 0.89	4.05 ± 1.06
2.5	1.65 ± 1.12	1.60 ± 1.34	4.35 ± 1.17
3.0	1.56 ± 1.45	1.52 ± 1.10	4.16 ± 1.22

Table 3 Cytotoxicity of H-LPS and E-LPS to mice fibroblast

Group	LPS (µg/mL)	CPM (mean ± SD)	t	P
H-LPS	1.0	7722 ± 819	3.74	< 0.050
	5.0	4724 ± 726	7.29	< 0.010
	10.0	4328 ± 1194	6.56	< 0.010
	50.0	3618 ± 434	9.27	< 0.001
	100.0	2963 ± 764	9.20	< 0.001
E-LPS	1.0	6813 ± 1183	4.17	< 0.050
	5.0	4290 ± 474	8.37	< 0.005
	10.0	3516 ± 645	8.96	< 0.001
	50.0	3224 ± 534	9.55	< 0.001
	100.0	2513 ± 630	10.72	< 0.001
Control	0	11083 ± 1324

Table 4 Toxicity test results in mice injected with H-LPS or E-LPS

Group	Number (n)	Dosageb (mg/mouse)	Death/Survival (n/n)	Mortality (%)
H-LPS	8	0.25	0/8	0
	8	0.50	4/4	50.0
	8	1.00	6/2	75.0
E-LPS	8	0.25	2/6	25.0
	8	0.50	7/1	87.5
	8	1.00	8/0	100
	8	/	0/8	0

Table 5 H-LPS detection rates in the biopsy specimens from patients with chronic gastritis and gastric ulcer

Group	Number (n)	Positivity (n)	Positive rate (%)
Chronic gastritis
Superficial	48	38	79.2
Active	10	9	90.0
Atrophic	10	3	30.0
Gastric ulcer
Gastric	12	7	58.3
Duodenal	40	16	40.0
Complex	6	3	50.0
Total	126	76	60.3