Washed microbiota transplantation for Crohn’s disease: A metagenomic, metatranscriptomic, and metabolomic-based study

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study participants, n (%)

Characteristic	n (%)
Age (SD)	35.6 (9.4)
Male	8 (81.8)
Female	3 (18.2)
Age at diagnosis (Montreal classification)
A1 (age < 16 yr)	1 (9.1)
A2 (age 17-40 yr)	9 (81.8)
A3 (age > 40 yr)	1 (9.1)
Location (Montreal classification)
L1 (terminal ileum disease)	5 (45.5)
L2 (colonic disease)	3 (27.3)
L3 (ileocolonic disease)	3 (27.3)
L4 (upper GI)	0 (0.0)
Behavior (Montreal classification)
B1 (inflammatory)	3 (27.3)
B2 (stricturing)	4 (36.4)
B3 (penetrating)	2 (18.2)
B2 + B3	2 (18.2)
Perianal disease	4 (36.4)
Duration of disease, mean (SD), yr	8.8 (6.9)
Medication at the time of WMT
None	2 (18.2)
Mesalamines	7 (63.6)
Steroids	1 (9.1)
Immunomodulators	3 (27.3)
Biologics therapy	1 (9.1)
Bowel surgery	2 (18.2)
Anal surgery	4 (36.4)
Smoking status
Current	0 (0.0)
Ex-smoker	2 (18.2)
Never smoker	9 (81.8)
Disease severity
Mild	11 (100.0)
Moderate	0 (0.0)
Severe	0 (0.0)
Route of WMT
Mid-gut TET	4 (36.4)
Colonic TET	7 (63.6)

GI: Gastrointestinal; WMT: Washed microbiota transplantation; TET: Transendoscopic enteral tubing.