Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma as a therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma: Experimental and clinical scenarios

Figure 1 General structure and ligand-activated transcription of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma. A: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) structure includes four distinct structural domains A/B, C, D, and E/F; B: Ligand-activated transcription of PPARγ, which includes heterodimerization with nuclear receptor retinoid X receptor (RXR) and binding with peroxisome proliferator response elements located in the target genes through the DNA-binding domain (DBD). In the absence of ligand, PPAR is linked with the corepressor complex, whereas, in the presence of ligand, it is associated with the coactivator complex. LBD: Ligand-binding domain; PPRE: Peroxisome proliferator response element.