Novel insights into the mechanisms whereby isoflavones protect against fatty liver disease

Figure 1 Proposed mechanism whereby isoflavones protect against fatty liver disease. Isoflavones inhibit the AR/polyol pathway to suppress fructose production in the liver, improve phosphorylated PPAR-α-mediated fatty acid oxidation, ameliorate CYP2E1-mediated oxidative stress, and attenuate AR/gut bacterial endotoxin-mediated cytokine overproduction, which in turn alleviates the progression of FLD. FLD: Fatty liver disease; AR: Aldose reductase; PPAR: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; ROS: Reactive oxygen species.