Totally laparoscopic left hepatectomy using the Torsional Ultrasonic Scalpel

Abstract

Minimal invasive techniques have allowed for major surgical advances. We report our initial experience of performing total laparoscopic left hepatectomy (segments II-IV) with the Lotus (laparoscopic operation by torsional ultrasound) Ultrasonic Scalpel. The perioperative and postoperative courses of the young female patient were uneventful and she is in a good general condition without complaints 18 mo after surgery. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first total laparoscopic hemihepatectomy to be performed in Greece, as well as the first laparoscopic liver resection using Lotus shears.

Key Words: Laparoscopic surgery, Liver resection, Minimally invasive surgery, Hepatectomy, Bloodless surgery, Ultrasonic Scalpel, Ultrasonic dissector, Parenchyma transection, Liver adenoma, Focal nodular hyperplasia

Core tip: This report describes the first total laparoscopic hemihepatectomy performed in Greece, as well as the first laparoscopic liver resection using Lotus shears. The effectiveness of the Lotus Ultrasonic Scalpel highlights the importance of surgical innovation in making minimally invasive procedures available to all surgical specialties.

INTRODUCTION

The development of minimally invasive hepatic resection techniques in the early 1990s established new surgical standards[1,2] and introduced highly innovative instruments such as ultrasonic dissectors, saline coagulation, and radiofrequency ablation[3-6]. We report our initial experience of performing a laparoscopic left hepatectomy with the ground-breaking Lotus (laparoscopic operation by torsional ultrasound) Ultrasonic Scalpel (S.R.A. Developments, Ashburton, Devon, United Kingdom).

CASE REPORT

A 35-year-old asymptomatic woman with an unremarkable past medical history was referred to our department for surgical management of a liver lesion. The tumor had been diagnosed during work-up of elevated γ-glutamyltransferase (GT) (135 U/mL, normal laboratory range 7-36 U/mL) detected at premarital testing. Complete blood count, biochemical profile, liver function tests (except for γGT), and tumor markers were within the normal range. There was no history of oral contraceptive use. Abdominal ultrasound showed a 5-cm isoechoic liver mass in the left hepatic lobe. Gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a 5.2-cm lesion in segments III/IV, with compression of the middle and left hepatic veins (Figure 1). A laparoscopic left hemihepatectomy was scheduled with a presumed diagnosis of liver adenoma.

Figure 1 Magnetic resonance imaging showing the liver lesion in segments III/IV. Note the mass effect on the middle and left hepatic veins.

Surgical technique

With the patient in the supine position and under general anesthesia[7], five trocar ports were placed as follows: an observation port (10 mm) 4 cm above the umbilicus; a main manipulation port (12 mm) in the midclavicular line below the right costal margin; a 5-mm port below the xiphoid process; and two 5-mm ports (for the assistant surgeon) in the left midclavicular and left anterior axillary lines, respectively (Figure 2). The operating surgeon stood between the patient’s legs.

Figure 2 Patient positioning and trocar placement.

After the falciform and left triangular ligaments were transected, a replaced left hepatic artery branch was identified, clipped, and transected (Figure 3A and B). The left branch of the portal vein was bluntly dissected (Figure 3C) and ligated with an Endopath ETS Articulating Linear Cutter (Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Blue Ash, OH, United States). The liver parenchyma was divided using the Lotus Ultrasonic Scalpel (Figure 3D and E). Non-absorbable clips were used to control the middle hepatic vein, large vessels, intrahepatic bile ducts, and the left hepatic duct. Once this had been achieved, the left hepatic vein was exposed, dissected, and divided with an Endopath ETS Articulating Linear Cutter (Ethicon Endo-Surgery) (Figure 3F). The resected specimen (segments II-IV) was removed via a 6-cm supraumbilical incision (Figure 4).

Figure 3 The operation. A and B: Identification, dissection, and clip ligation of the replaced left hepatic artery; C: Dissection of the left portal vein; D and E: Parenchymal transection using the Lotus Ultrasonic Scalpel; F: Dissection of the left hepatic vein.

Figure 4 Left hepatectomy specimen (segments II-IV).

Total operating time was approximately 4 h. Estimated blood loss was < 400 mL. The patient had an uneventful hospital course and was discharged on postoperative day 6. Pathological evaluation of the specimen revealed focal nodular hyperplasia. The patient married 6 mo later and is currently in good health 18 mo after the procedure.

DISCUSSION

Ultrasound-activated scalpels are safe and effective devices[8]. The Lotus Ultrasonic Scalpel introduced the concept of torsional rather than longitudinal ultrasound emissions to achieve transection and hemostasis. Its mechanism of action includes a vibratory grooved blade that generates compression forces directly into the target tissue, and a central blade that cuts as the Teflon jaw is closed. The components of the acoustic systems vibrate harmonically at 36.0 kHz. Laparoscopic torsional ultrasound shears have significant advantages over conventional cutting bipolar forceps when used to divide and coagulate pedicles in gynecological surgery. The Lotus shears are associated with shorter bisection times, less thermal damage, and more effective control of intraparenchymal blood vessels and bile ducts (a major limitation of previous devices).

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first total laparoscopic hemihepatectomy performed in Greece, as well as the first laparoscopic liver resection using Lotus shears. The effectiveness of the Lotus device further emphasizes the importance of surgical innovation in laparoscopic liver surgery.