Combined vascular resection and reconstruction for locally advanced perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: A multicenter study

Figure 1 Study flow diagram and patient disposition. VR: Vascular resection; Non-VR: Non-vascular resection; PVR: Portal vein resection; HAR: Hepatic artery resection; PSM: Propensity score matching; RMST: Restricted mean survival time.

Figure 2 Overall survival according to resection status and vascular resection subgroups. A: Kaplan-Meier curves comparing overall survival among patients undergoing vascular resection (VR), non-vascular resection, and unresectable cases; B: Overall survival stratified by portal vein resection, hepatic artery resection, and unresectable cases (P values shown); C: Overall survival within the VR cohort stratified by combined distant metastasis status (M)/nodal status (N) categories (VR M0 N0, VR M0 N1-2, and VR M1 N1-2); D: Overall survival of four groups defined by nodal status (N0/N1-2) and vascular invasion (VI) status [A indicates N0/VI (-), B indicates N0/VI (+), C indicates N1-2/VI (-), and D indicates N1-2/VI (+)]. VR: Vascular resection; Non-VR: Non-vascular resection; PVR: Portal vein resection; HAR: Hepatic artery resection; M: Distant metastasis status; N: Nodal status; VI: Vascular invasion.