Clinical efficacy of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome

Figure 1  Literature screening process.

Figure 2  Risk of bias in randomized controlled.

Figure 3 Network evidence and cumulative ranking surface under the cumulative ranking curve diagram. A: Complete spontaneous bowel movement; B: Spontaneous bowel movement; C: Bristol stool form scale; D: Irritable bowel syndrome severity scoring system; E: Irritable bowel syndrome-quality of life; F: Adverse events. taVNS: Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation.

Figure 4 Comparison table of treatment effects League. A: Complete spontaneous bowel movement; B: Spontaneous bowel movement; C: Bristol stool form scale; D: Irritable bowel syndrome severity scoring system; E: Irritable bowel syndrome-quality of life; F: Adverse events. ¹Indicate that statistical significance, which means that 95% of the interval does not cross 0. taVNS: Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation.

Figure 5 Bayesian network meta-analysis model fitting diagnostic diagram. A: Complete spontaneous bowel movement; B: Spontaneous bowel movement; C: Bristol stool form scale; D: Irritable bowel syndrome severity scoring system; E: Irritable bowel syndrome-quality of life; F: Adverse events. DIC: Deviance information criterion.

Figure 6 Consistency test results of Bayesian network meta-analysis. A: Complete spontaneous bowel movement; B: Spontaneous bowel movement; C: Bristol stool form scale; D: Irritable bowel syndrome severity scoring system; E: Irritable bowel syndrome-quality of life; F: Adverse events. DIC: Deviance information criterion.

Figure 7 Cumulative sorted curve of pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical intervention for outcome indicators chart. A: Complete spontaneous bowel movement; B: Spontaneous bowel movement; C: Bristol stool form scale; D: Irritable bowel syndrome severity scoring system; E: Irritable bowel syndrome-quality of life; F: Adverse events. taVNS: Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation.

Figure 8 Node analysis (consistency check diagram). E: Linaclotide; A: Placebo; H: Traditional Chinese medicine; Crl: Credible interval.

Figure 9 Supplementary conventional pairwise meta-analysis of Bristol stool form scale. PEG: Polyethylene glycol; WMD: Weighted mean difference; CI: Confidence interval; taVNS: Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation.

Figure 10  Supplementary conventional pairwise meta-analysis of adverse events. PEG: Polyethylene glycol; RR: Relative risk; CI: Confidence interval; taVNS: Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation.