Clinical efficacy of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome

Figure 4 Comparison table of treatment effects League. A: Complete spontaneous bowel movement; B: Spontaneous bowel movement; C: Bristol stool form scale; D: Irritable bowel syndrome severity scoring system; E: Irritable bowel syndrome-quality of life; F: Adverse events. ¹Indicate that statistical significance, which means that 95% of the interval does not cross 0. taVNS: Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation.