Third-line and rescue therapy for refractory Helicobacter pylori infection: A systematic review

Figure 1 Therapeutic regimens recommended by Maastricht V/Florence consensus report as first-line and second-line treatment. PPI: Proton pump inhibitor.

Figure 2 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyzes flow diagram. H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori.

Figure 3 Third-line triple therapy eradication rates. A: Triple therapy as third line (per protocol); B: Triple therapy as third line (intention to treat).

Figure 4 Triple therapy eradication rates as rescue treatment. A: Triple therapy as rescue treatment (per protocol); B: Triple therapy as rescue treatment (intention to treat).

Figure 5 Third-line quadruple therapy eradication rates. A: Quadruple therapy as third-line treatment (per protocol); B: Quadruple therapy as third-line treatment (intention to treat). BQT: Bismuth quadruple therapy; N-BQT: Non-bismuth quadruple therapy.

Figure 6 Quadruple therapy eradication rates as rescue treatment. A: Quadruple therapy as rescue treatment (per protocol); B: Quadruple therapy as rescue treatment (intention to treat). BQT: Bismuth quadruple therapy; N-BQT: Non-bismuth quadruple therapy.

Figure 7 Recommendation diagram.