Reactivation of hepatitis B virus infection in patients with hemo-lymphoproliferative diseases, and its prevention

Figure 1 Management of hepatitis B virus reactivation. A: Management of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive patients with HBV DNA < 2000 UI/mL and normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT); B: Management of HBV reactivation in HBsAg negative/hepatitis B core antibodies positive patients. ¹HBsAg, HBV DNA and ALT determination at a 3-mo interval; ²In patients treated with rituximab or other cell-depleting agents, the anti-HBV prophylaxis should be continued for up to 2 years after the last dose of drug. HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HBVr: Hepatitis B virus replication; HbsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen; HbcAb: Hepatitis B core antibodies; ETV: Entecavir; TDF: Tenofovir; TAF: Tenofovir alafenamide; LMV: Lamivudine; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase.