Nonampullary duodenal adenoma: Current understanding of its diagnosis, pathogenesis, and clinical management

Figure 1 Snare polypectomy. A: A approximately 10 mm peduculated adenoma in the second portion of the duodenum; B: Snare polypectomy procedure.

Figure 2 Endoscopic mucosal resection. A: An approximately 20 mm polypoid mass in the second portion of the duodenum; B: Injection of submucosal saline solution with indigocarmine; C: Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) procedure; D: A clear, post-EMR ulcer.

Figure 3 Endoscopic submucosal dissection. A: A 12 mm sized superficial elevated type (IIa) lesion in the second portion of the duodenum; B: Circumferential mucosal incision and submucosal dissedtion; C: The lesion successfully removed en bloc without complications; D: A 27 mm resected specimen with adenoma.