Epithelial turnover in duodenal familial adenomatous polyposis: A possible role for estrogen receptors?

Figure 1 Labeling Index values of immunohistochemical analysis of ER alpha (A), ER beta (B) and ER beta/alpha ratio (C). ^aP < 0.05; ^bP < 0.001.

Figure 2 Immunohistochemical staining of ER-α. A: normal; B: HGD; C: AC.

Figure 3 Immunohistochemical staining of ER-β. A: Normal; B: HGD; C: AC.

Figure 4 Labeling Index values of immunohistochemical analysis for proliferation - Ki67 (A) and apoptosis - TUNEL (B). ^aP < 0.05; ^bP < 0.01; ^cP < 0.001.

Figure 5 Direct correlation between ER-beta and TUNEL and inverse correlation between ER-α and TUNEL (Pearson’s test).

Figure 6 Labeling Index values of confocal microscopy analysis of ER-beta and caspase 3 co-expression. ^cP < 0.001.

Figure 7 Co-expression of ER-β and caspase 3 is clearly shown in normal tissue. A: Nuclear ER-β expression in a normal villous area (red signal); B: Nuclear caspase 3 expression in a normal villous area (green signal); C: Merge of the two signals and counterstaining with TOPRO 3 (blue signal): magnification at × 1000; D: Nuclear ER-beta expression in the HGD area (red signal); E: Nuclear caspase 3 expression in the HGD area (green signal); F: Merge of the two signals and counterstaining with TOPRO 3 (blue signal): magnification at × 400.