Endoscopic treatments for small gastric subepithelial tumors originating from muscularis propria layer

Figure 1 Endoscopic muscularis excavation. A: A subepithelial tumor was found at the posterior wall of the gastric body; B: Making several dots around the tumor; C: A cross-incision was made at the overlying mucosa of the tumor; D: Excavating the tumor from the muscularis propria layer; E: An artificial ulcer was observed after excavation; F: The artificial ulcer was closed with several clips.

Figure 2 Endoscopic full-thickness resection. A: A subepithelial tumor was found at the greater curvature of the gastric antrum; B: Making several dots around the tumor; C: The mucosa incision was incised outside the marker dots; D: The omentum could be seen through the gastric wall defect after endoscopic full-thickness resection; E, F: Closure of the gastric wall defect using clips and an endoloop.

Figure 3 Submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection. A: A subepithelial tumor was found in the gastric fundus; B, C: Creating a submucosal tunnel to the tumor and then excavating the tumor from the muscularis propria layer via the submucosal tunnel; D: The omentum could be seen through a small gastric wall after tumor removal; E: The gastric mucosa was intact; F: The entrance of the submucosal tunnel was closed with several clips after tumor removal.