Rectal cancer: An evidence-based update for primary care providers

Figure 1 Rectal anatomy and landmarks of importance in the treatment of rectal cancer (Figure reproduced with permission from Apgar et al[3]).

Figure 2 Operative setup for transanal minimally invasive surgery (Figure reproduced with permission from Atallah et al[67]).

Figure 3 Technique of endoscopic posterior mesorectal resection. A: Trocar positions; B: Access to the retrorectal space using the index finger; C: Establishment of a sufficient large operating space using a dissecting balloon trocar; D: Dissection of the mesorectum from the posterior wall of the rectum. Figure reproduced with permission from Zerz et al[70].