Pancreas-sparing duodenectomy with regional lymph node dissection for early-stage ampullary carcinoma: A case control study using propensity scoring methods

Figure 1 Technique of pancreas-sparing duodenectomy. En bloc resection of the biliopancreatic junction and descending segment of duodenum.

Figure 2 Pancreaticojejunostomy, choledochojejunostomy, and end-to-end anastomosis of the duodenum are performed with pyloroplasty.

Figure 3 Duodenoscopic view of ampullary adenocarcinoma (A) and histopathological features of mixed type ampullary adenocarcinoma (B). A: An exposed-type tumor mass at the ampulla of Vater, with a normal ampullary orifice; B: Histopathological features of mixed type ampullary adenocarcinoma. Both intestinal and pancreatobiliary growth patterns were present (HE staining, × 200).

Figure 4 Kaplan-Meier survival analysis of all patients. A: Overall survival (P = 0.677); B: Disease-free survival (P = 0.62); C: Overall survival of N0 patients (P = 0.612); D: Overall survival of N1 patients (P = 0.513).