Fish consumption and risk of gastrointestinal cancers: A meta-analysis of cohort studies

Figure 1 Flow diagram of search strategy and study selection.

Figure 2 Summary relative risks of gastrointestinal cancer for fish consumers vs non/lowest consumers from all included studies. Squares represent study-specific relative risk estimates (size of the square reflects the study-specific statistical weight; i.e., the inverse of the variance); horizontal lines represent 95%CI; diamonds represent summary relative risk estimates with corresponding 95%CI.

Figure 3 Summary relative risks of gastrointestinal cancer for low to moderate fish consumers vs non/lowest consumers from included studies. Squares represent study-specific relative risk estimates (size of the square reflects the study-specific statistical weight; i.e., the inverse of the variance); horizontal lines represent 95%CI; diamonds represent summary relative risk estimates with corresponding 95%CI.

Figure 4 Summary relative risks of gastrointestinal cancer for high fish consumers vs non/lowest consumers from the included studies. Squares represent study-specific relative risk estimates (size of the square reflects the study-specific statistical weight; i.e., the inverse of the variance); horizontal lines represent 95%CI; diamonds represent summary relative risk estimates with corresponding 95%CI.

Figure 5 Summary relative risks of colorectal cancer for fish consumers vs non/lowest consumers from the included studies. Squares represent study-specific relative risk estimates (size of the square reflects the study-specific statistical weight; i.e., the inverse of the variance); horizontal lines represent 95%CI; diamonds represent summary relative risk estimates with corresponding 95%CI.

Figure 6 Publication bias in the studies. Begg’s funnel plot indicating no publication bias in the studies included in this meta-analysis. No indication of publication bias was noted from either visualization of the funnel plot or from Egger’s test.