Non-invasive panel tests for gastrointestinal motility monitoring within the MARS-500 Project

Figure 1 ¹³C-breath test for the evaluation of gastric emptying rates. Representative ¹³CO₂ excretion kinetic profiles obtained in the ¹³C-breath test for the evaluation of the gastric emptying rates of (A) solids and (B) liquids performed during the Baseline Data Collection period (•) and during the mission simulation (experimental session 1: ◦; experimental session 2: ▪; experimental session 3: ▫).

Figure 2 H₂-breath test for the evaluation of orocecal transit time. Hydrogen excretion kinetic profiles obtained in the H₂-breath test (BT) for the evaluation of the orocecal transit time performed during the Baseline Data Collection period (•) and during the mission simulation (experimental session 1: ◦; experimental session 2: ▪; experimental session 3: ▫). This BT was performed simultaneously with the 13C-octanoic acid BT for the evaluation of the gastric emptying rate of solids (A-F).