Usefulness of magnifying endoscopy for iodine-unstained lesions in a high-risk esophageal cancer population

Figure 1 Screening chromoendoscopy. A: After conventional examination using magnifying endoscope; B: 1.5% Lugol‘s solution was sprayed onto the entire esophagus; C: Iodine-unstained lesions were identified.

Figure 2 Magnifying endoscopy. A and B: Magnified observations were performed on iodine-unstained lesions by pulling the zoom lever in a downward direction; C: After magnified observations, biopsy of iodine-unstained lesions was performed.

Figure 3 Type of papilla pattern. Magnifying endoscopic findings in iodine unstained lesions were classified into the following three papilla patterns: Clear papilla pattern that showed regularly arranged white spots (Type A: A and D), fused papilla pattern that had a tendency to be fused but still had a distinguishable outline (Type B: B and E), non-visible papilla pattern that was amorphous, irregular and not stained at all (Type C: C and F).

Figure 4 Distribution of types of papilla pattern on magnifying endoscopy. Total number: 43; A: Clear papilla; B: Fused papilla; C: Non-visible papilla.

Figure 5 Relationship between types of papilla pattern and histological findings. I: Inflammatory cell infiltration; BH: Basal cell hyperplasia; V: Vascular lake; BC: Balloon cell; A: Acanthosis; D: Dysplasia; C: Carcinoma. (All dysplasias were low-grade).