Gastroenterology in developing countries: Issues and advances

Figure 1 Distribution of countries as per International Monetary Fund (IMF) definitions of economic development (IMF statistical database[3]: reproduced with kind permission of IMF).

Figure 2 Association between coverage of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) use and mortality rates from diarrhoea in selected countries (from Podewils et al[23], 2004. Reproduced with kind permission of Elsevier).

Figure 3 Geographical distribution of the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus infection, 2002 (from Mast et al[67], 2004. Reproduced with kind permission of Elsevier).

Figure 4 Graph showing number of countries who have introduced hepatitis B vaccination programme and global infant three dose vaccine coverage (“HepB3”) (reproduced with kind permission of World Health Organisation).

Figure 5 Geographical distribution of countries with a critical shortage of health service providers (doctors, nurses and midwives) (reproduced with kind permission of World Health Organisation).

Figure 6 Map showing location of World Gastroenterology Training Centres worldwide (reproduced with kind permission of World Gastroenterology Organisation).

Figure 7 Cut Foley urethral catheter reloaded unto the Opti-vu cap for variceal band ligation at the Endoscopy Unit of Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.

Figure 8 A more complicated cascade for management of dyspepsia in a region with a high prevalence of H pylori infection but limited access to endoscopy (reproduced with kind permission of WGO). IBS: Irritable bowel syndrome; Rx: Retreatment; Success: Symptoms resolve; Failure: Symptoms persist.