Liver Cancer
Copyright ©2008 The WJG Press and Baishideng.
World J Gastroenterol. Jan 28, 2008; 14(4): 511-517
Published online Jan 28, 2008. doi: 10.3748/wjg.14.511
Figure 1
Figure 1 Cytotoxic effect of Chaga extract on human hepatoma cells. A: The various cells, HepG2, Hep3B, and Chang normal liver cells, were treated with various doses of Chaga extract for 48 h. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Data represented as means ± SD of three independent experiments. aP < 0.05, bP < 0.01, vs control cells; B: The morphological changes of HepG2 cells after exposure to Chaga extract (750 &mgr;g/mL) for 48 h. The photomicrography was taken under a phase contrast microscope (× 200).
Figure 2
Figure 2 Apoptotic cell death of HepG2 by Chaga extract. The effect of Chaga extract on cell cycle progression of HepG2 cells was determined. HepG2 cells were treated with various doses of Chaga extract for 48 h. Then, cells were harvested and washed with cold PBS. A: Cellular DNA content was stained with PI solution and flow cytometric analysis was performed to analyze the cell cycle distribution. Cell cycle histogram was shown; B: A summary of cell cycle distribution data in histograms. Data represented as means ± SD of three independent experiments. aP < 0.05, vs control cells; C: The percentage of subG0/G1 phase was represented as % of apoptosis. Data represented as means ± SD of three independent experiments. aP < 0.05 vs control cells; D: Caspase-3 activation, which was measured by cleavage of procaspase-3, in Chaga extract-treated HepG2 cells was determined by western blot analysis.
Figure 3
Figure 3 Effect of Chaga extract on the modulators of cell cycle such as p53, pRb, and p27. Western blot analysis for p53, pRb and p27 was performed using specific antibodies with β-actin as a loading control.
Figure 4
Figure 4 Effect of Chaga extract on the protein levels of G0/G1 regulatory Cdks and cyclin in HepG2 cells. The effect of Chaga extract on the protein levels of G0/G1 regulatory Cdks and cyclin in HepG2 cells was determined by western blot. Western blot analysis for Cdks ( A: Cdk2, Cdk4, and Cdk6) and Cyclins ( B: Cyclin D1, Cyclin D2, and Cyclin E) was performed using specific antibodies with β-actin as a loading control.