Inhibitory effects of grape procyanidins on free radical-induced cell damage in rat hepatocytes in vitro

Figure 1 Cell apoptotic levels of each group. Cells receiving various treatments were incubated for 24 h before apoptosis was detected using cell death detection ELISA. ^aP < 0.05 vs the normal control; ^cP < 0.05 vs the control and 5 mg/L GPC treatment group; ^eP < 0.05 vs the 50mg/L GPC treatment group.

Figure 2 Microscopic TNFα mRNA expression (× 40). Rat hepatocytes with various treatments were incubated for 24 h before TNFα mRNA expression was detected by in situ hybridization. Under light microscopy, TNFα mRNA was expressed as brown granules in cytoplasm. A: normal control; B: ethanol/CCl₄ injury; C: 100 mg/L GPC + ethanol/CCl₄.