Tumor necrosis factor-alpha induces apoptosis of enterocytes in mice with fulminant hepatic failure

Figure 1 Serum ALT (A) and TNFα (B) levels in mice after treatment with GalN, LPS, anti-TNFα IgG, GalN/LPS. ^bP <0.01 vs GalN, LPS and anti-TNFα IgG groups.

Figure 2 Liver injury stained with hematoxylin-eosin. A: NS-treated group 100×; B: LPS-treated group 400×; C: GalN-treated group 400×; D: GalN/LPS-treated group100×; E: GalN/TNFα-treated group 100×; F: anti-TNFα IgG-treated group 100×.

Figure 3 Morphology of large (A-F) and small (a-f) intestinal samples stained with hematoxylin-eosin; A, a: NS-treated group; B, b: LPS-treated group; C, c: GalN-treated group; D, d: GalN/ LPS-treated group; E, e: GalN/TNFα IgG-treated group; F, f: anti-TNFα-treated group.

Figure 4 Structure of apoptotic enterocytes with transmission electron microscopy.

Figure 5 Morphology of enterocyte apoptosis in large (A-F) and small (a-f) intestine.

Figure 6 Enterocyte apoptosis rate of mice at different time points after GalN/LPS injection. A: large intestinal tissues. B: small intestinal tissues ^bP <0.01 vs other time points in the same group.

Figure 7 Changes of TNFR1 protein expression.

Figure 8 IOD level of TNFR1 in mice at different time points after GalN/LPS treatment. A: large intestinal tissues. B: small intestinal tissues. ^aP<0.05; ^bP <0.01 vs 2 h time point.