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World J Gastroenterol. Oct 28, 2026; 32(40): 119684
Published online Oct 28, 2026. doi: 10.3748/wjg.119684
Published online Oct 28, 2026. doi: 10.3748/wjg.119684
Interleukin-33/suppression of tumorigenicity 2 signaling in gastric injury: From mechanistic validation to spatiotemporal precision
Wan-Ting Qi, Xiao-Hua Jia, Jing-Wen Wang, Lei Liang, Department of Ultrasound, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing 100049, China
Wan-Ting Qi, College of Medical Imaging, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, Liaoning Province, China
Kai-Lin Xue, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing 100049, China
Co-first authors: Wan-Ting Qi and Xiao-Hua Jia.
Author contributions: Jia XH wrote the original draft; Qi WT contributed to conceptualization, writing, reviewing and editing; Jia XH, Qi WT, Xue KL, Wang JW, and Liang L participated in drafting the manuscript; Qi WT and Jia XH have made crucial and indispensable contributions towards the completion of the project and thus qualified as the co-first authors of the paper; and all authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript.
AI contribution statement: The language polishing was carried out using the artificial intelligence tool ChatGPT (OpenAI), which aimed to improve English grammar, sentence structure and overall readability. This tool was not used to generate scientific content, nor was it involved in the research design, interpretation or conclusion formation. All the charts and images in the manuscript were created by the authors. No images generated by artificial intelligence were used.
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 62371010.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Corresponding author: Lei Liang, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Ultrasound, Aerospace Center Hospital, No. 15 Yuquan Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100049, China.
Received: February 12, 2026
Revised: April 14, 2026
Accepted: May 12, 2026
Published online: October 28, 2026
Processing time: 221 Days and 0.8 Hours
Revised: April 14, 2026
Accepted: May 12, 2026
Published online: October 28, 2026
Processing time: 221 Days and 0.8 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Current studies have established the involvement of interleukin (IL)-33/suppression of tumorigenicity 2 signaling in gastric injury, but most evidence remains derived from static endpoint analyses. We propose that future progress depends on defining when, where, and in which cell populations this pathway shifts from injury-promoting to repair-associated functions. By integrating phase-specific biology with molecular imaging of IL-33, tumor necrosis factor alpha, cysteine-aspartic protease-3, and related targets, a spatiotemporal framework may be developed to identify therapeutic windows and support precision intervention in gastric mucosal injury.