Ahmad A, Ishtiaq SM, Khan JA, Aslam R, Ali S, Arshad MI. COVID-19 and comorbidities of hepatic diseases in a global perspective. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27(13): 1296-1310 [PMID: 33833483 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i13.1296]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Muhammad Imran Arshad, PhD, Assistant Professor, Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Main Agriculture University and Jail Road, Faisalabad 38040, Punjab, Pakistan. drimranarshad@yahoo.com
Research Domain of This Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Article-Type of This Article
Minireviews
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Gastroenterol. Apr 7, 2021; 27(13): 1296-1310 Published online Apr 7, 2021. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i13.1296
COVID-19 and comorbidities of hepatic diseases in a global perspective
Aqsa Ahmad, Syeda Momna Ishtiaq, Junaid Ali Khan, Rizwan Aslam, Sultan Ali, Muhammad Imran Arshad
Aqsa Ahmad, Rizwan Aslam, Sultan Ali, Muhammad Imran Arshad, Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Punjab, Pakistan
Syeda Momna Ishtiaq, Junaid Ali Khan, Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Punjab, Pakistan
Author contributions: Ahmad A and Ishtiaq SM contributed literature review, wrote the manuscript and analyzed the data, and contributed equally to this work; Arshad MI and Khan JA conceived the idea, collected data and contributed to the writing of the article; Aslam R and Ali S proof-read the manuscript and contributed to data-mining and editing.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare no competing and financial conflict of interests.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Muhammad Imran Arshad, PhD, Assistant Professor, Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Main Agriculture University and Jail Road, Faisalabad 38040, Punjab, Pakistan. drimranarshad@yahoo.com
Received: January 18, 2021 Peer-review started: January 18, 2021 First decision: February 9, 2021 Revised: February 17, 2021 Accepted: March 19, 2021 Article in press: March 19, 2021 Published online: April 7, 2021
Core Tip
Core Tip: The clinical menace of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related comorbidities of hepatic diseases and severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) tropism for the liver result in liver impairment with increased liver injury markers and cytokine storm. SARS-CoV-2 aggravates liver injury via coagulative and fibrinolytic pathways, cytokine-mediated liver injury, ischemia-hypoxia, and immune-mediated cell death pathways owing to adverse outcomes of liver disease such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, drug-induced liver injury, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolic associated fatty liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma. This review summarizes diagnostic approaches, therapeutics, clinical guidelines, and vaccines for COVID-19 and liver disease comorbidities.
