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©The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastroenterol. Jan 7, 2021; 27(1): 19-36
Published online Jan 7, 2021. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i1.19
Published online Jan 7, 2021. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i1.19
Human hepatitis viruses-associated cutaneous and systemic vasculitis
Chrong-Reen Wang, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 70403, Taiwan
Hung-Wen Tsai, Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 70403, Taiwan
Author contributions: Wang CR designed the report and wrote the paper; Wang CR and Tsai HW collected and analyzed the clinical data.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Chrong-Reen Wang, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, No. 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 70403, Taiwan. wangcr@mail.ncku.edu.tw
Received: November 21, 2020
Peer-review started: November 21, 2020
First decision: December 17, 2020
Revised: December 19, 2020
Accepted: December 27, 2020
Article in press: December 27, 2020
Published online: January 7, 2021
Peer-review started: November 21, 2020
First decision: December 17, 2020
Revised: December 19, 2020
Accepted: December 27, 2020
Article in press: December 27, 2020
Published online: January 7, 2021
Core Tip
Core Tip: The human hepatitis viruses (HHVs) hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, hepatitis delta virus, and hepatitis E virus can cause liver inflammation in their common human host. With the exception of hepatitis delta virus, all other HHVs can participate in the pathogenesis of cutaneous and systemic vasculitis via different mechanisms like direct viral invasion of vascular endothelial cells and immune complex-mediated vessel wall damage. Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis and polyarteritis nodosa are recognized for their association with chronic HHV infection. Antiviral therapy should be initiated in hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus-related systemic vasculitis.