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©The Author(s) 2017. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastroenterol. Sep 28, 2017; 23(36): 6650-6664
Published online Sep 28, 2017. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i36.6650
Published online Sep 28, 2017. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i36.6650
Protective effects of oral glutathione on fasting-induced intestinal atrophy through oxidative stress
Hiroyuki Uchida, Yukari Nakajima, Kazuo Ohtake, Junta Ito, Jun Kobayashi, Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Clinical Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Josai University, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
Masahiko Morita, Ayako Kamimura, Kyowa Hakko Bio Co., Ltd. Healthcare Products Development Center, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-0841, Japan
Author contributions: Uchida H and Nakajima Y contributed equally to this work; Uchida H, Nakajima Y, Morita M, Kamimura A and Kobayashi J designed the study; Uchida H, Nakajima Y, Ohtake K and Ito J conducted the experiments and analyzed the data; Uchida H, Ito J, Morita M and Kamimura A wrote the paper; Uchida H and Kobayashi J critically revised and reviewed the manuscript for important intellectual content.
Supported by Kyowa Hakko Bio Co., Ltd. to Uchida H .
Institutional animal care and use committee statement: All procedures involving animals were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at the Life Science Center of Josai University (IACUC Protocol Number [H25057], [H26080]).
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
Data sharing statement: No additional data are available.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Dr. Hiroyuki Uchida, Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Clinical Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan. mrhiro@josai.ac.jp
Telephone: +81-49-2717204 Fax: +81-49-2717204
Received: March 22, 2017
Peer-review started: March 23, 2017
First decision: April 28, 2017
Revised: July 14, 2017
Accepted: July 22, 2017
Article in press: July 22, 2017
Published online: September 28, 2017
Peer-review started: March 23, 2017
First decision: April 28, 2017
Revised: July 14, 2017
Accepted: July 22, 2017
Article in press: July 22, 2017
Published online: September 28, 2017
Core Tip
Core tip: We have previously demonstrated that the intestinal mucosal atrophy consequent to fasting is due in large part to increased apoptosis in jejunal villi and decreased cell proliferation in jejunal crypts, with concomitant increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NO production and decreased glutathione (GSH). Here we demonstrate protection against fasting-induced intestinal mucosal atrophy by minimizing ROS induction in the intestinal mucosa through supplemental oral administration of an antioxidant such as GSH during fasting in rats. In particular, oral GSH administration during fasting enhances jejunal regenerative potential by diminishing enterocyte apoptosis and enhancing cell proliferation.