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©2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastroenterol. Oct 7, 2014; 20(37): 13501-13511
Published online Oct 7, 2014. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i37.13501
Published online Oct 7, 2014. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i37.13501
Pulmonary manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease
Xiao-Qing Ji, De-Gan Lu, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
Li-Xia Wang, Division of Disinfectant and Supply, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng 252000, Shandong Province, China
Author contributions: Ji XQ wrote the manuscript; Wang LX and Lu DG are involved in the work; all authors have read and approved the final version to be published.
Correspondence to: De-Gan Lu, MD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, 16766 Jingshilu, Lixia District, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China. deganlu@126.com
Telephone: +86-531-82968368 Fax: +86-531-82963647
Received: April 1, 2014
Revised: May 4, 2014
Accepted: June 13, 2014
Published online: October 7, 2014
Revised: May 4, 2014
Accepted: June 13, 2014
Published online: October 7, 2014
Core Tip
Core tip: The clinicopathological patterns of pulmonary involvement in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) consist of airway disease, lung parenchymal disease, thromboembolic disease, pleural diseases, enteric-pulmonary fistulas, and pulmonary function test abnormalities. The treatment of IBD-related respiratory disorders depends on the specific pattern of involvement, and in most patients, steroids are required in the initial management. This review focuses on the pulmonary manifestations of IBD in an attempt to avoid further health impairment and to alleviate symptoms by prompt recognition and treatment.