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World J Gastroenterol. Jul 28, 2014; 20(28): 9427-9438
Published online Jul 28, 2014. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i28.9427
Published online Jul 28, 2014. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i28.9427
Osteoporosis and fractures in liver disease: Relevance, pathogenesis and therapeutic implications
Inaam A Nakchbandi, Translational Medicine, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
Inaam A Nakchbandi, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
Author contributions: Nakchbandi IA designed and wrote the introductory editorial for the Highlight Topic: “Osteoporosis in liver disease”.
Correspondence to: Inaam Nakchbandi, MD, FACP, Professor of Medicine, Translational Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 305, 2. OG, R210, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. inaam.nakchbandi@immu.uni-heidelberg.de
Telephone: +49-6221-568744 Fax: +49-6221-565611
Received: November 29, 2013
Revised: February 17, 2014
Accepted: April 21, 2014
Published online: July 28, 2014
Revised: February 17, 2014
Accepted: April 21, 2014
Published online: July 28, 2014
Core Tip
Core tip: Up to 40% of patients with chronic liver disease may experience a fracture. The pathogenic mediators include fibronectin, insulin like growth factor-I, and various cytokines. Decreased vitamin D and/or treatment with corticosteroids contribute to worsening bone health. Treatment should include calcium and vitamin D supplementation in all patients with chronic liver disease. Therapy with bisphosphonates should be considered, especially in patients receiving corticosteroids.